When this impasse for the Muslims dragged on, al-Nuʿmān ibn Muqarrin gathered the men of sound judgment in the army. They consulted about the matter and about how they might draw the polytheists onto the same open field.
ʿAmr ibn Abī Salmah—he was the eldest present—spoke first: “Leaving them where they are hurts them more than anything we might demand of them, and it spares the Muslims.”
Everyone answered him: “We are certain that our religion will prevail and that the promise of Allah to us will be fulfilled.”
Then ʿAmr ibn Maʿdīkarib spoke: “March against them, mass your numbers, and do not fear them.”
Again they replied: “That would be like ramming our heads against walls, and those very walls would aid them against us.”
Ṭulayḥah al-Asadī then said, “Neither of them has hit the mark. I am of the view that you should dispatch a detachment to surround them, skirmish with them, and harass them (1). If the Persians come out against that force, let it flee toward us; when they take the bait and pursue, reaching us (2), we too will pretend to retreat. Convinced that we are routed, they will pour out of their fortresses to the last man. Once their entire force is outside, we will turn back on them and fight hand-to-hand until Allah decides between us.”
The army approved this proposal. Al-Nuʿmān placed al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr over the mobile column and ordered them to go to the town, besiege the Persians alone, and then run before them should they come out. Al-Qaʿqāʿ did so. When the Persians emerged from their strongholds, he and his men withdrew, then withdrew again, and yet again. The foreigners seized the moment and did exactly as Ṭulayḥah had foreseen, exclaiming, “This is it!” They all sallied forth, leaving in the city only those needed to guard the gates, until they reached the main Muslim force, with al-Nuʿmān ibn Muqarrin already drawn up for battle.
It was still early on Friday morning. The Muslims were eager to clash with them, but al-Nuʿmān forbade it and ordered that no fighting take place until the sun had passed its zenith, when the breezes would rise and victory would descend, just as the Messenger of Allah used to do. The men pressed him to launch the attack, yet he, a man of steady resolve, refused.
When the time of noon arrived, he led the Muslims in prayer, then mounted a dark bay riding mule (3) low to the ground. He went to each banner, urging the troops to be patient and commanding them to stand firm. He informed them: at the first takbīr they were to make ready for the assault; at the second, every preparation was to be complete; at the third, they were to deliver the decisive charge. He then returned to his position.
Meanwhile the Persians formed up in a massive array, standing in formidable ranks with numbers and equipment never before seen. Many interlocked their lines, and they cast iron caltrops (4) behind them so that they could neither flee nor break formation.
Then al-Nuʿmān ibn Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him) pronounced the first takbīr and shook the banner, and the men readied themselves for the charge. Next he pronounced the second takbīr and shook it again