guard at his door who would keep the people away from him. Saʿd complied, offered Muḥammad ibn Maslamah some money, but he refused to accept it and returned to Madinah. Saʿd then remained in Kūfah for three and a half years ⦗1⦘, until ʿUmar removed him from office—without any charge of incompetence or treachery.
The affair of Abū ʿUbaydah: the Romans besiege him in Ḥimṣ and ʿUmar travels to Syria [to support him as well]
A contingent of Romans decided to lay siege to Abū ʿUbaydah in Ḥimṣ. They roused the people of al-Jazīrah ⦗2⦘ and many others in that region and pressed on toward Abū ʿUbaydah. He therefore summoned Khālid, who came to him from Qinnasrīn, and wrote to ʿUmar to report the situation. Abū ʿUbaydah then consulted the Muslims: should he engage the Romans in open combat ⦗3⦘ or remain within the city until ʿUmar’s decision arrived? All counselled remaining behind the walls, save Khālid, who urged immediate confrontation. Abū ʿUbaydah set aside Khālid’s advice and followed the majority. He entrenched himself in Ḥimṣ, whereupon the Romans encircled him. Every other Syrian town was occupied ⦗4⦘ with its own concerns; had those towns abandoned their posts and marched to Ḥimṣ, the whole balance of affairs in Syria would have been upset.
ʿUmar wrote to Saʿd directing him to rally the people under al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn ʿAmr and dispatch them to Ḥimṣ the very day the letter reached him, as relief for Abū ʿUbaydah, who was besieged. He further ordered him to prepare an army against the people of al-Jazīrah who had aided the Romans in the siege, appointing ʿIyāḍ ibn Ghanm as commander of the force bound for al-Jazīrah.
The two armies set out together from Kūfah. Al-Qaʿqāʿ led four thousand men toward Ḥimṣ to relieve Abū ʿUbaydah, while ʿUmar himself departed from Madinah to support Abū ʿUbaydah, reaching al-Jābiyah—though Ibn Isḥāq says he reached only Sargh, which is the likelier report, and Allah knows best.
When the people of al-Jazīrah who were with the Romans at Ḥimṣ heard that an army had entered their own lands, they hurried back ⦗5⦘ and abandoned the Romans. The Romans, on learning that the Commander of the Believers, ʿUmar, was coming to aid his deputy, lost heart badly. Khālid advised Abū ʿUbaydah to sally forth and fight; Abū ʿUbaydah did so, and Allah granted him victory and support, and the Romans were routed in a crushing defeat. This occurred three nights before ʿUmar arrived and before the reinforcements reached them.
Abū ʿUbaydah then wrote to ʿUmar—who was at al-Jābiyah—informing him of the victory, that the reinforcements had arrived three nights later, and asking ⦗6⦘ whether those troops should share in the division of what Allah had bestowed upon them. ʿUmar replied that they were indeed to be included in the spoils, for the enemy’s strength had ebbed and their supporters had fled solely out of fear of those very troops; accordingly, Abū ʿUbaydah made them partners in the booty.