three thousand dirhams, while the infantryman’s share was one thousand. The statutory fifth was dispatched with Furāt b. Ḥayyān, and the proclamation of victory with al-Hārith b. Ḥassān. Rabiʿī b. al-Afkal was appointed commander of Mosul’s military operations, and ʿArfajah b. Harthamah was put in charge of its kharāj (land tax).

The Conquest of Māsabadhān (1) in the Iraqi March

When Hāshim b. ʿUtbah returned from Jalulaʾ to ʿUmar in al-Madāʾin, word reached Saʿd that Ādhīn b. al-Hormuzān had gathered a contingent of Persians. He wrote to ʿUmar about the matter, and ʿUmar replied ordering him to send an army and to place Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb in overall command. Ḍirār thereupon marched from al-Madāʾin with an army, having Ibn al-Huzayl (2) al-Asadī at the head of the vanguard. Ibn al-Huzayl advanced ahead of the main force and engaged Ādhīn and his men before Ḍirār arrived; he routed the Persian detachment, captured Ādhīn b. al-Hormuzān—whose troops scattered—and, on his order, Ādhīn was beheaded in his presence. He then pursued the fugitives until he reached Māsabadhān, a large town, which he stormed and seized. The inhabitants fled to the surrounding mountains and ravines, but he summoned them and they responded; those who did not embrace Islam were required to pay the jizyah. He installed a deputy over the district until Saʿd moved his headquarters from al-Madāʾin to Kūfah, as will be mentioned.

The Conquest of Qarqīsiyāʾ and Hīt (3) in the Same Year

Ibn Jarīr (4) and others relate: When Hāshim returned from Jalulaʾ to al-Madāʾin, the people of al-Jazīrah had reinforced Heraclius at Ḥoms to fight Abū ʿUbaydah and Khālid—at the time when Heraclius was in Qinnasrīn—and the inhabitants of al-Jazīrah gathered in the city of Hīt. Saʿd wrote to ʿUmar about this, and ʿUmar responded by instructing him to dispatch an army and to place ʿUmar b. Mālik b. ʿUtbah b. Nawfal b. ʿAbd Manāf in command. He therefore marched with the Muslims who were with him to Hīt, where he found that they had dug a trench around themselves. He besieged them for a time without success, then left with a detachment of his men, appointing al-Hārith b. Yazīd to maintain the siege. He proceeded to Qarqīsiyāʾ, captured it by force, and its people agreed to pay the jizyah.

He wrote to his deputy at Hīt: “If they do not make peace, dig a trench behind their trench and put gates on your side of it.” When this order reached them, they hastened to conclude a treaty.

Our shaykh, the ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Dhahabī (5) said: In this same year Abū ʿUbaydah dispatched ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ after completing his