and seized immense wealth (1)—praise and gratitude belong to Allah, the Bestower of favor—and they smashed Jalīnūs, who had come to the aid of Jābān, capturing his troops and his property. He turned tail and fled to his people, humbled and abased.
The Battle of Abū ʿUbayd’s Bridge and the Death of the Muslim Commander Together with a Great Many of His Men
When Jalīnūs returned in flight from what he had endured at the hands of the Muslims, the Persians (2) roused one another and gathered around Rustam. Rustam dispatched against the Muslims a massive army led by Dhū al-Ḥājib, Bahman Jādhūyah (3), and handed him the banner of Afrīdūn, known as the Derafsh Kāviyyān, which the Persians regarded as a bringer of good fortune. They also carried with them the banner of Kisrā, made of leopard skins and eight cubits wide.
They reached the Muslims with a river between the two hosts and a bridge over it. They sent word: “Either you cross over to us, or we will cross over to you.”
The Muslims said to their commander, Abū ʿUbayd, “Command them to cross over to us.” He replied, “They are no more eager for death than we are.” He then charged across to them, and the two armies crowded together in a narrow space. A battle of unprecedented fury broke out. The Muslims numbered about ten thousand. The Persians had brought many elephants fitted with bells, stationed to panic the Muslims’ horses. Whenever the Persians charged, the horses bolted from the elephants and the clamor of the bells; only a few, under compulsion, would stand their ground. Whenever the Muslims tried to charge, their mounts would not advance upon the elephants. Meanwhile, the Persians rained arrows upon them, killing many, although the Muslims still slew six thousand of the enemy.
Abū ʿUbayd ordered the Muslims to kill the elephants first. They surrounded them (4) and slaughtered them to the last. The Persians had put at their forefront an enormous white elephant. Abū ʿUbayd advanced upon it and struck it with his sword, severing its trunk (5). The elephant became enraged, let out a terrifying scream, charged, and trampled him, killing him and standing over his body.
The man Abū ʿUbayd had appointed to succeed him then charged the elephant and was killed, followed by another, and another, until seven men of Thaqīf—each named by Abū ʿUbayd in succession—had been slain. Command then passed to al-Muthannā ibn Ḥārithah, in accordance with the same testament.
Dawmah, the wife of Abū ʿUbayd, had earlier seen a dream (6) that foretold exactly what came to pass. When the Muslims witnessed all this, their hearts sank, and there was not—