Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Khalid then advanced, and ʿAqqah came out to meet him. When the two forces stood face to face, Khalid said to his two flanks, “Hold your ground, for I am about to charge.” He ordered his bodyguards to stay behind him, then he galloped toward ʿAqqah while the latter was still aligning his ranks. Khalid seized him, made him a prisoner, and ʿAqqah’s army fled without striking a blow, so a great many of them were taken captive. (1)

Khalid next made for the fortress of ʿAyn al-Tamr. When Mehran heard of ʿAqqah’s rout and that of his troops, he dismounted, fled the fortress, and abandoned it. The scattered remnants (2) of the Christian Bedouins returned, found the gate open, and sought refuge inside. Khalid arrived, surrounded them, and imposed a most rigorous siege. When they saw this, they asked for terms, but he would accept nothing short of their surrendering to Khalid’s judgment. They agreed, whereupon he put them in chains, took possession of the fortress, and ordered that ʿAqqah (3) and all those captured with him—as well as those who had surrendered to his judgment—be executed to the last man.

He seized everything that [was] in the stronghold. In its church he discovered forty boys studying the Gospel behind a locked door; Khalid broke it open and distributed them among the commanders and those who had distinguished themselves. Among them was Ḥumrān, who went to ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan as part of the khums, and Sirin—the father of Muhammad ibn Sirin—whom Anas ibn Malik took. There were other well-known mawālī besides, for whom Khalid intended good, both for them and for their descendants.

When al-Walid ibn ʿUqbah brought the fifth share to Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, the Caliph sent him back as a reinforcement for ʿIyad ibn Ghanm, who was besieging Dūmat al-Jandal. On arriving, al-Walid found ʿIyad in a sector of Iraq laying siege to a people who had cut off his routes, so he too was under siege. ʿIyad said to him, “A little sound counsel is better than a vast army; what do you think of our situation?” Al-Walid replied, “Write to Khalid and he will send you troops from his force.” So ʿIyad wrote asking for support, and his letter reached Khalid immediately after the action at ʿAyn al-Tamr, pleading for help.

Khalid wrote back:

From Khalid [ibn al-Walid] to ʿIyad—(it is) you (4) for whom I am coming.

From the lines of rajaz:
“Wait but a little—your laden she-camels (5)
will arrive, bearing lions in rough-haired cloaks, (6)
regiment after regiment, rank upon rank.”

(1) In manuscript A: “wa-akthirū.” (2) al-Falla: the routed ones; those defeated in battle. The plural forms are fulūl and fulāl. See Lisan al-‘Arab under “fallal.” (3) In manuscript A: “Then he ordered the beheading of ‘Uqba and al-Hudhayl.” (4) Kitāb Khalīd wa-al-Ashṭār al-Thalātha in Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 3, p. 377. (5) The first line is an ancient Arabic proverb, recorded in Mu‘jam al-Amthāl al-‘Arabī (vol. 1, p. 483) and its sources in al-Mustaqṣā (vol. 2, p. 277) and in Lisan al-‘Arab under ḥalab. Al-ḥalāʾib (pl.) means “the groups.” Al-Asma‘ī comments: “A man’s ḥalā’ib are his supporters among his paternal kin.” (6) In manuscripts A and T: al-qashā’ib, which here most closely matches the meter. Al-qishb and al-qasab both mean “poison.” See Lisan al-‘Arab under “qashb.”
وسار خالد وتلقاه عقّة فلما تواجهوا قال خالد لمَجْنَبَتيْهِ: احفظوا مكانَكم فإني حامل، وأمرَ حماتَه أن يكونوا من ورائه، وحمل على عقّة وهو يسوّي الصفوف فاحتضنه وأسره وانهزم جيش عقّة من غير قتال فأكثروا (١) فيهم الأسْرَ، وقصدَ خالدٌ حصنَ عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ، فلما بلغَ مهرانَ هزيمةُ عقة وجيشه، نزلَ من الحصن وهربَ وتركه، ورجعتْ فُلَّالُ (٢) نصارى الأعراب إلى الحصن فوجدوه مفتوحًا فدخلوه واحتَموْا به، فجاء خالدٌ وأحاط بهم وحاصرهم أشدَّ الحصار، فلما رأوا ذلك سألوه الصلح فأبى إلا أن ينزلوا على حكم خالد، فنزلوا على حكمه فجعلوا في السلاسل وتسلم الحصن ثم أمر فضربت عنق عقة (٣) ومن كان أُسر معه والذين نزلوا على حكمه أيضًا أجمعين. وغنم جميع ما [كان] في ذلك الحصن، ووجد في الكنيسة التي به أربعين غلامًا يتعلمون الإنجيل وعليهم بابٌ مغلقٌ، فكسره خالد وفرَّقهم في الأمراء وأهل الغناء، وكان [فيهم] حمران صار إلى عثمان بن عفان من الخمس، ومنهم سيرين والد محمد بن سيرين أخذه أنس بن مالك. وجماعة آخرون من الموالي المشاهير، أراد بهم وبذراريهم خيرًا. ولما قدم الوليد بن عقبة على الصدّيق بالخُمس ردَّه الصديق إلى عياض بن غنم مددًا له وهو محاصرٌ دومةَ الجندلِ، فلما قدم عليه وجده في ناحية (من) العراق يُحاصر قومًا، وهم قد أخذوا عليه الطرقَ فهو محصور أيضًا، فقال عياض للوليد: إن بعض الرأي خير من جيش كثيف، ماذا ترى فيما نحن فيه؟ فقال له الوليد: اكتب إلى خالد يمدك بجيش من عنده، فكتب إليه يستمده فقدم كتابه على خالد عقب وقعة عين التمر وهو يستغيث به، فكتب إليه: من خالد [بن الوليد] إلى عياض، (إياك) أريد (٤) : [من الرجز] لَبِّثْ قليلًا تأتِكَ الحلائبُ (٥) … يَحملنَ آسادًا عليها القاشب (٦) كتائب تتبعها كتائب
(١) في أ: وأكثروا. (٢) الفلَّ: المنهزمون، وهم قوم فلٌّ منهزمون والجمع فُلُولٌ وفُلالٌ. اللسان (فلل). (٣) في أ: ثم أمر بضرب عنق عقبة والهذيل. (٤) كتاب خالد والأشطار الثلاثة في تاريغ الطبري (٣/ ٣٧٧). (٥) الشطرة الأولى مثل عربي قديم أوردته في معجم الأمثال العربية (١/ ٤٨٣) ومصادره في المستقصى (٢/ ٢٧٧) واللسان (حلب) والحلائب: الجماعات. وقال الأصمعي: حلائب الرجل: أنصاره من بني عمه خاصة. (٦) في أ، ط: القشائب، وما هنا هو الأشبه للوزن. والقِشْبُ والقَشَبُ: السُّمُّ. اللسان (قشب).

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