Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

…with an army to fight the apostates. Abu Bakr therefore outfitted him with troops, but once al-Fujāʾah set out he would pass by neither Muslim nor apostate without killing him and seizing his property. When al-Ṣiddīq heard of this he dispatched a force after him and brought him back. Once he had him in his power, he sent him to al-Baqīʿ: his hands were tied behind his back, he was thrown into the fire, and he was burned alive while tightly bound.

The Story of Sajah and the Banū Tamīm (1)

During the days of apostasy the Banū Tamīm were divided in their views. Some of them apostasised and withheld the zakāh, some forwarded the alms-tax to al-Ṣiddīq, and others held back, waiting to see what would happen. While they were in that state, Sajah bint al-Ḥārith ibn Suwayd ibn ʿUqfān al-Taghlibiyyah arrived from al-Jazīrah. She was one of the Christian Arabs and had claimed prophethood. With her were troops from her own tribe and from those who had rallied around her, and they had resolved to attack Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. When she passed through the territory of the Banū Tamīm she invited them to her cause, and the great majority of them responded. Among those who answered her were Mālik ibn Nuwaira al-Tamīmī, ʿUṭārid ibn Ḥājib, and a group of leading chieftains of Banū Tamīm, while others held back. They agreed that there would be no fighting among themselves. Yet after Mālik ibn Nuwaira paid court to her, he dissuaded her from turning back and incited her against the Banū Tamīm. In the end they all concurred on fighting the people in general.

They said, “With whom shall we begin?”

She answered in the rhymed prose she liked to employ:
“Prepare the mounts, make ready for plunder; then raid al-Rabāb, for nothing shields them from you.”

They thereupon pledged to support her, and one of them recited:

—from the wāfir metre— (2)
Taghlib’s sister has come to us, escorted by men—
strangers drawn from the nobles of our own kin.
She planted among us a foolish summons,
a doctrine imported from clans that trail behind us.
We were never ones to wrong them for a trifle,
Nor would she have yielded had we appeared.
How witless and astray your minds became
on the evening you mustered your hosts for her!

ʿUṭārid ibn Ḥājib also said (3):
—from the basīṭ metre—
Our prophet has become a woman round whom we hover,
while all the prophets of mankind have been men!

Sajah then marched with her forces toward al-Yamāmah, intending to wrest it from Musaylimah ibn Ḥabīb the Liar. Her people were overawed and said, “His power has grown great and formidable.” She replied in her rhymed prose:
“Head for al-Yamāmah; flutter like a dove in your advance; it will be a decisive raid, and none shall blame you after it.” (4)

So they set out to wage war on Musaylimah. When he heard of her approach he feared for his land, for he was already occupied with fighting Thumāmah ibn Uthāl, whom ʿIkrimah ibn Abī Jahl was reinforcing with troops.

(1) Al-Ṭabarī, Tarīkh al-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk, vol. 3, p. 267 et seq.; Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh, vol. 2, pp. 353–357. (2) In Tarīkh al-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk the reading is fa’istahdat. (3) Ibn al-Athīr, al-Usūd al-Ghāba fī Ma‘rifat al-Ṣaḥāba, vol. 4, p. 43. (4) daffa: “he fluttered the wings of a bird, like a pigeon.” al-Qāmūs (s.v. dafa).
جيشًا يقاتل به أهل الرِّدَّة، فجهَّز معه جيشًا، فلما سار جعل لا يمرّ بمسلمٍ ولا مُرْتدٍّ إلا قتلَه وأخذَ ماله، فلما سمعَ الصّديقُ بعث وراءه جيشًا فردَّه، فلما أمكنَه بعثَ به إلى البقيع، فجُمعت يداه إلى قفاه وأُلقي في النار فحرقه وهو مقموط. قصة سَجَاحِ وبني تميم (١) كانت بنو تميم قد اختلفتْ أراؤُهم أيام الرِّدَّة، فمنهم من ارتدَّ ومنعَ الزكاة، ومنهم منْ بعثَ بأموالِ الصَّدقات إلى الصدِّيق، ومنهم من توقف لينظر في أمره، فبينما هم كذلك إذ أقبلت سجاح بنتُ الحارث بن سويد بن عقفان التغلبية من الجزيرة، وهي من نصارى العرب، وقد ادَّعتِ النبوَّة ومعها جنودٌ من قومها ومن التفَّ بهم، وقد عزموا على غزو أبي بكر الصديق، فلما مرَّتْ ببلاد بني تميم دَعَتْهُمْ إلى أمرها، فاستجابَ لها عامَّتُهم، وكان ممَّن استجابَ لها مالكُ بن نُوَيْرة التميمي، وعُطَاردُ بن حاجبٍ، وجماعةٌ من سادات أمراء بني تميم، وتخلَّفَ آخرون منهم عنها، ثم اصطلحوا على أن لا حربَ بينهم، إلا أن مالكَ بن نُوَيْرة لما وإدعها ثناها عن عودها، وحرَّضها على بني تميم، ثم اتفق الجميعُ على قتال الناس، وقالوا: بمن نبدأ؟ فقالتْ لهم فيما تسجِّعُهُ: أعدّوا الرِّكاب، واستعدّوا للنهاب، ثم أغيروا على الرّباب، فليس دونهم حجاب. ثم إنهم تعاهدوا على نصرها، فقال قائل منهم: [من الوافر] أتَتْنا أُختُ تغلِبَ في رجالٍ (٢) … جلائِبَ من سُراةِ بني أبينا وَأرسَتْ دَعْوةً فينا سَفاهًا … وكانتْ من عَمائِرَ آخرينا فما كنا لنرزيهم زبالًا … وما كانت لتُسلمَ إذ أتينا ألا سَفهَتْ حلومُكمُ وضَلَّتْ … عَشيَّةَ تَحشدُون لها ثَبينا وقال عُطاردُ بن حاجبٍ في ذلك (٣) : [من البسيط] أمستْ نَبيَّتُنا أُنثَى نُطيفُ بها … وأصبحَتْ أنبياءُ النَّاس ذُكرانا ثُمَّ إن سَجَاحِ قصدتْ بجنودها اليمامةَ، لتأخذَها من مُسَيْلمة بن حبيبٍ الكَذّاب، فهابه قومُها، وقالوا: إنه قد استفحلَ أمره وعَظُمَ، فقالت لهم فيما تقوله: عليكم باليمامَةْ، دفُّوا (٤) دَفيف الحَمامة، فإنّها غزوةُ صرامَةْ، لا تلحقكُمْ بعدها ملامَة. قال: فعمدوا لحرب مُسَيلمةَ، فلما سمعَ بمسيرها إليه خافها على بلاده، وذلك أنه مشغولٌ بمقاتلةِ ثُمامة بن أُثالٍ، وقد ساعدَه عكرمةُ بن أبي جَهْلٍ بجنودِ
(١) تاريخ الطبري (٣/ ٢٦٧) وما بعدها، والكامل لابن الأثير (٢/ ٣٥٣ - ٣٥٧). (٢) في تاريخ الطبري: فاستهدَّتْ. (٣) البيت في أسد الغابة (٤/ ٤٣). (٤) دفَّ: أي حرك جناحيه من الطير كالحمام. القاموس (دف).

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