When the letter reached him he asked, “What is this?”
They replied, “A letter that has come from a man in the Arabian Peninsula who claims to be a prophet.”
On opening it and finding that the writer had placed his own name before that of Khosrow, the ruler was seized by a violent rage. He snatched the letter, tore it to pieces before reading it, and wrote to his governor in Yemen—whose name was Badhan ⦗1⦘—saying:
“To proceed: As soon as this message reaches you, send two of your officers to the man in the Arabian Peninsula who alleges that he is a prophet, and dispatch him to me in fetters ⦗2⦘.”
When Badhan received the order, he selected two intelligent envoys and said to them, “Go to this man and find out what he is. If he is a liar, shackle him and bring him here to Khosrow; but if the matter proves otherwise, return and inform me so that I may decide what to do.”
They came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Madinah and found him in the best and most upright of circumstances. They witnessed wondrous things from him—too many to recount here—and remained with him for a month while accomplishing the purpose of their mission. When at length they asked him for a reply, he said, “Return to your master and tell him: ‘My Lord has slain his lord this very night.’ Record the date.”
They hurried back to Yemen and conveyed his words to Badhan, who said, “Note that night; if events occur as he foretold, then he is indeed a prophet.” Shortly thereafter letters arrived from their king reporting that Khosrow had been killed on such-and-such a night—the very night in question. He had been slain by his own sons, and thus one poet said ⦗3⦘:
Khosrow—his sons carved him with their swords,
As butchers carve and portion out the flesh. ⦗4⦘
Long did Fate travail with him till the day
It came—for every bearer, term and thresh. ⦗5⦘
After him, the kingdom passed to his son Shirawayh, who wrote to Badhan: “Secure allegiance for me among those under your authority, and do not slight that man; rather, honor him.” Faith entered Badhan’s heart, and the hearts of his Persian household in Yemen, and he sent word of his acceptance of Islam to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ thereupon confirmed him in full authority over the entire province of Yemen ⦗6⦘ and did not remove him from office until his death.
When Badhan died, the Prophet appointed his son Shahr ibn Badhan over Ṣanʿāʾ and certain districts, and sent a number of Companions as governors over the remaining regions. He first dispatched ʿAlī and Khālid in the tenth year, then sent Muʿādh and Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī, dividing the administration of Yemen among several Companions: Shahr ibn Badhan; ʿĀmir ibn Shahr al-Hamdanī over Hamdān; Abū Mūsā over Maʾrib; Khālid ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ over ʿĀmir, Najrān, Rafʿ and Zabīd; Yaʿlā ibn Umayyah over al-Janad; and al-Ṭāhir ibn…