Book (1)
The Early History of Islam: Events as They Occurred over Time and the Deaths of Eminent Figures and Notables
[Year 11 AH]
We have already detailed what took place in the month of Rabiʿ al-Awwal of that year—namely, the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on Monday, the twelfth of the month according to the most widely accepted view—and we have discussed the matter at sufficient length; success lies with Allah alone.
The Caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (may Allah be pleased with him) and the events that transpired therein
It has been mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away on Monday in the forenoon. The people then occupied themselves with pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq in the Saqīfah of the Banū Sāʿidah. Later, the general pledge of allegiance took place in the mosque during the remainder of Monday and the morning of Tuesday, as has already been explained in full. Thereafter they began washing the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, shrouding him, and offering the funeral prayer over him ﷺ for the rest of Tuesday, and they buried him on the night before Wednesday, as has been established in its proper place.
Muhammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār (2) reported: al-Zuhrī narrated to me, and Anas ibn Mālik narrated to me that he said:
When allegiance was given to Abu Bakr in the Saqīfah and the next day dawned, Abu Bakr sat down, whereupon ʿUmar stood and spoke before Abu Bakr. He praised Allah and extolled Him as He deserves, and then said:
“O people, yesterday I said words that were [only my personal opinion] (3); I did not find them in the Book of Allah, nor were they a pledge that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had laid upon me. Rather, I had assumed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would conduct our affairs until (4) he was the last of us to depart. Yet Allah has left among you that by which He guided the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; if you hold fast to it, Allah will guide you with the guidance with which He guided His Messenger…”