—and Allah has never sent a prophet without making Gabriel his ally.”
They said, “Then we part company with you; had your ally been anyone else among the angels, we would have pledged allegiance to you and affirmed your truthfulness.”
He asked, “What keeps you from believing in him?”
They replied, “He is our enemy among the angels.”
So Allah revealed: “Say, ‘Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel—it is he who has brought it down upon your heart by Allah’s permission…’” (Q 2:97). And He also revealed: “…thus they incurred wrath upon wrath.”(1) (Q 2:90).
Another ḥadīth:
Imām Aḥmad narrated: Yazīd related to us; Shuʿbah from ʿAmr ibn Murrah, who said: I heard ʿAbdullāh ibn Salamah narrate from Ṣafwān ibn ʿAssāl al-Murādī:
A Jew said to his companion, “Let us go to this Prophet and ask him about the verse, ‘We surely gave Moses nine clear signs.’” (Q 17:101)
The companion replied, “Say nothing to him; if he hears you, he will end up with four eyes.” Nevertheless, they both approached and questioned him.
The Prophet ﷺ said, “Do not associate anything with Allah; do not steal; do not commit adultery; do not kill a soul whom Allah has made sacred except with due right; do not practice sorcery; do not consume usury; do not bring an innocent person before a ruler so that he puts him to death; do not slander a chaste woman—or,” Shuʿbah was unsure, “do not flee from the battlefield. And you, O company of Jews, have an additional obligation: do not transgress on the Sabbath.”
Thereupon they kissed his hands and feet and said, “We bear witness that you are a prophet.”
He asked, “What prevents the two of you from following me?”
They said, “David, peace be upon him, prayed that a prophet would never cease to arise from his descendants. We fear that if we accept Islam, the Jews will kill us.”
Al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, Ibn Mājah, Ibn Jarīr, al-Ḥākim, and al-Bayhaqī(2) also transmitted this report through various routes from Shuʿbah; al-Tirmidhī graded it ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ.
I say: Its chain contains narrators who have been criticized,(3) and it seems the narrator confused the “nine signs” with the “ten words.” The commandments Allah entrusted to Moses and spoke to him on the night of the Mount—after the children of Israel had left Egypt and were encamped around the mountain, while Aaron and the scholars stood on the Mount as well—were those Ten Words, explained in this ḥadīth. As for the nine signs, they are the proofs and miraculous matters with which Moses, peace be upon him, was supported and which Allah displayed through him in Egypt: the staff, the hand, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs, the blood, the drought, and the diminution of fruits.
I have discussed this at length in the Tafsīr,(4) and that should suffice. Allah knows best.