Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

In the recension preserved by Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim (1) we read: ʿUqbah ibn Mukram narrated to us; Muḥammad ibn Mūsā transmitted to us; ʿUlaylah bint al-Kumayt al-ʿAtakiyyah (2) related: my mother (3) told me, on the authority of Amatullāh, the Prophet’s servant, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took Safiyyah captive on the day of Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr, then set her free and made her bridal gift be Razīnah, the mother of Amatullāh.

This report is exceedingly rare.

Among the female servants was Ummaymah. Ibn al-Athīr (4) states that she was a freedwoman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and her ḥadith was transmitted by the scholars of Syria. Jubayr ibn Nufayr reported from her that she used to pour water for the Prophet’s ablution. One day a man came to him and said, “Advise me.” He replied:

“Do not ascribe any partner to Allah, even if you are cut to pieces or burned in fire; do not deliberately omit the prayer, for whoever intentionally abandons it has forfeited the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger; do not drink an intoxicant (5), for it is the root of every sin; and do not disobey your parents, even if they order you to forgo your family and your worldly possessions (6).” (7)

Among them also was Barakah (8)—better known as Umm Ayman and the mother of Usāmah ibn Zayd ibn Ḥārithah. She is Barakah bint Thaʿlabah ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥiṣn (9) ibn Mālik ibn Salamah ibn ʿAmr ibn al-Nuʿmān, an Abyssinian woman. Her teknonym Umm Ayman prevailed, for Ayman was her son by her first husband, ʿUbayd ibn Zayd al-Ḥabashī. After his death she married Zayd ibn Ḥārithah and bore him Usāmah ibn Zayd. She was also called Umm al-Ẓibāʾ, performed both migrations, and nursed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ together with his mother Āminah bint Wahb. According to al-Wāqidī (10) she was among those whom the Prophet ﷺ inherited from his father; others said he inherited her from his mother, while a third view holds that she belonged to Khadījah’s sister, who then gifted her to the Prophet ﷺ. She embraced Islam early, migrated, and lived on after the Prophet ﷺ.

We have already mentioned that Abū Bakr and ʿUmar ﵄ visited her after the Prophet’s death and found her weeping. They said to her, “Do you not know that what is with Allah is better for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?” She replied, “Indeed; but I weep because Revelation has ceased to descend from heaven.” Whereupon they, too, wept with her.

(1) In manuscript A: after the phrase “but it appears in” there is a blank space equivalent to about three words, followed by “narrated by Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim.” (2) In manuscript A: it reads “al-ʿUbaliyya.” (3) In the printed edition (Ṭ): “She said, ‘My father narrated to me from Umm Umma Allāh.’” (4) Asad al-Ghāba (vol. 7: pp. 26–27) and al-Iṣāba (vol. 4: p. 243). (5) In Asad al-Ghāba it appears as khamran (wine). (6) In Asad al-Ghāba it appears as tujla (it is cleared away). (7) Narrated by al-Tabarānī in al-Kabīr (vol. 24: p. 190); it is a ḥasan (good) hadith, supported by its corroborating chains. (8) Its biographical entry appears in al-Istīʿāb (vol. 4: p. 1793), Tārīkh Dimashq by Ibn ʿAsākir (vol. 4: p. 302), Asad al-Ghāba (vol. 7: p. 36), Tahdhīb al-Kamāl (vol. 35: p. 329), and al-Iṣāba (vol. 4: pp. 432–434). (9) In some copies it reads “Ḥusayn,” a reading also found in al-Istīʿāb, Asad al-Ghāba, Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, and others. (10) Ṭabaqāt Ibn Saʿd (vol. 8: p. 223).
في (١) رواية ابن أبي عاصم حَدَّثَنَا عقبة بن مُكْرَم، ثنا محمد بن موسى، حَدَّثتنا عُلَيْلة بنت الكُمَيْت العَتكية (٢) قالت: حدّثتني أُمّي (٣) عن أمةِ اللّهِ خادم النَّبِيّ ﷺ . أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ سَبَى صَفيَّةَ يومَ قُرَيْظَة والنضير، فأَعْتَقَها وأمهرها رَزِينة أم أمةِ اللهِ. وهذا حديث غريب جدًا. ومنهن أُمَيْمةُ. قال ابن الأثير (٤) : وهي مولاة رسول اللّه ﷺ . روى حديثَها أهلُ الشّام. روى عنها جُبَيْر بن نُفَيْر: أنها كانَتْ تُوضّئُ رسولَ اللهِ، فأتاه رجلٌ يومًا فقال له: أوْصِني، فقال: "لا تُشْرِكْ بالله شيئًا، وإن قُطعْتَ أو حُرِّقْتَ بالنار، ولا تَدَعْ صلاة مُتَعمِّدًا، فمنْ تَرَكَها مُتَعمِّدًا فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ منه ذِمَّةُ اللّه وذِمّة رسوله، ولا تَشْرَبَنَّ مُسْكرًا (٥) فإنَّه رأسُ كلِّ خَطيئة. ولا تَعْصينَّ والدَيْكَ وإن أَمَراك أن تَخْتَلِي (٦) من أهْلِكَ ودُنْياك" (٧) . ومنهن بَرَكَة (٨) أم أيْمَنَ وأم أُسامة بن زيد بن حارثة، وهي بَرَكةُ بنت ثَعْلَبة بن عَمْرو بن حِصْن (٩) بن مالك بن سَلَمة بن عمرو بن النعمان الحَبَشيَّة، غلبَ عليها كُنْيَتها أُمُّ أيْمن، وهو ابنُها من زوجها الأوَّل عُبَيْد بن زيد الحَبَشي، ثم تزوجها بعدَه زَيْدُ بن حارثة، فولدَتْ له أسامةَ بن زَيْدٍ، وتُعْرَفُ أيضًا بأم الظِّباء، وقد هاجَرَت الهِجْرَتَيْن (عليه السلام) ، وهي حاضنَةُ رسولِ الله ﷺ مع أمّه آمنة بنت وهبٍ، وقد كانَتْ ممِّن وَرِثَها رسولُ اللّه ﷺ من أبيه، قاله الواقدي (١٠) وقال غيره: بل ورثها من أمه، وقيل: بل كانت لأخت خديجة فَوَهَبْتها من رسول الله ﷺ . وآمنت قديمًا وهاجَرَتْ، وتأخَّرتْ بعدَ النَّبِيّ ﷺ . وتقدَّم ما ذكرناه من زيارة أبي بكر وعمر (رضي الله عنه) إياها بعدَ وفاةِ النَّبِيّ ﷺ وأنّها بَكَتْ، فقالا لها: أما تَعْلَمين أنّ ما عندَ اللهِ خَيْرٌ لرسول اللّه ﷺ ؟ فقالت: بلى، ولكن أبكي لأنَّ الوحيَ قَد انْقَطَعَ من السِّماء، فَجَعلا يَبْكيان معها.
(١) أ: (ولكن وقع في) وبعدها بياض بقدر ثلاث كلمات وبعده (روى ابن أبي عاصم). (٢) في أ: (العبلية). (٣) ط: (قالت حدّثني أبي عن أم أمة الله). (٤) أسد الغابة (٧/ ٢٦ - ٢٧) والإصابة (٤/ ٢٤٣). (٥) في أسد الغابة (خمرًا). (٦) في أسد الغابة (تُجْلى). (٧) رواه الطبراني في "الكبير" (٢٤/ ١٩٠) وهو حديث حسن بشواهده. (٨) ترجمتها في الاستيعاب (٤/ ١٧٩٣) وتاريخ دمشق لابن عساكر (٤/ ٣٠٢) وأسد الغابة (٧/ ٣٦) وتهذيب الكمال (٣٥/ ٣٢٩)، والإصابة (٤/ ٤٣٢ - ٤٣٤). (٩) في بعض النسخ: "حُصين" وما هنا من الاستيعاب وأسد الغابة وتهذيب الكمال وغيرها. (١٠) طبقات ابن سعد (٨/ ٢٢٣).

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