Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (5/409)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He used to spend from this property upon his family for an entire year, and whatever remained he placed in Allah’s treasury. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued to do so throughout his lifetime. I adjure you by Allah—do you know this?”
They replied, “Yes.”

He then said to ʿAlī and al-ʿAbbās, “I adjure you both by Allah—do you know this?”
They answered, “Yes!”

When Allah caused His Prophet to pass away, Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—said, “I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” He therefore took charge of the property and dealt with it exactly as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had dealt with it. When Allah then took Abū Bakr, I said, “I am the guardian of the guardian of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” I retained it for two years, managing it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū Bakr had managed it.

Then the two of you came to me—your word was one and your request united—until you asked me for your share through your nephew, and this man asked me for his wife’s share from her father. I said, “If you wish, I will hand it over to you on that basis; yet now you are seeking from me a different ruling! By Allah, in Whose permission the heavens and the earth stand fast, I shall not judge it by any other ruling until the Hour is established. If you are unable to manage it, return it to me and I will relieve you of it.”

Al-Bukhārī (1) has recorded this report in several places of his Ṣaḥīḥ, as have Muslim (2) and the authors of the Sunan (3) through various chains from al-Zuhrī.

In another wording found in the two Ṣaḥīḥs (4) ʿUmar said:
“Abū Bakr took charge of it and dealt with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had dealt with it, and Allah knows that he was truthful, dutiful, rightly guided, and following the truth; (then I assumed charge of it and dealt with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū Bakr had dealt with it, and Allah knows that I am truthful, dutiful, [rightly guided,] following the truth) (5). Then the two of you came to me and I delivered it to you so that you might handle it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū Bakr—and I myself—had handled it. I adjure you by Allah: did I hand it over to them on that basis?” They said, “Yes.” He then said to them, “I adjure you by Allah: did I hand it over to you on that basis?” They said, “Yes.” He said, “Then do you seek from me another ruling? No—by the One by whose permission the heavens and the earth stand!”

Imām Aḥmad (6) reported: Sufyān narrated to us, from ʿAmr, from al-Zuhrī, from Mālik ibn Aws, who said: I heard ʿUmar say to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr and Saʿd, “I adjure you by Allah, by whose command the heavens and the earth stand fast: do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘We are not inherited from; whatever we leave behind is charity’?” They replied, “Yes.” This chain meets the conditions of the two Ṣaḥīḥs.

I say: What they asked of him—after he had delegated the oversight to them, and Allah knows best—was that he divide the supervision between them, assigning to each the portion he would have been entitled to by inheritance (7) had inheritance been permissible. It appears they presented before him a group of Companions—among them ʿUthmān, Ibn ʿAwf, Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr and Saʿd—and a severe dispute had arisen between them because of

(1) Al-Bukhari (Hadith nos. 3094, 4033, 5358, 7305). (2) Muslim (Hadith no. 1757; nos. 48, 49, 50). (3) Abu Dawud 2963; Al-Tirmidhi 1610; Al-Nasa’i, Sunan al-Kubra (6307–6310). Not found in Ibn Majah. (4) Al-Bukhari (7305) and Muslim (157; 49). (5) The text enclosed in parentheses is not present in the printed edition. (6) Musnad al-Imam Ahmad, vol. 1, pp. 25, 162, 164, 191. (7) Printed edition (t): bi’l-ard (“on the land”); autograph (a): min al-irth (“from the inheritance”).

يُنْفقُ على أهله من هذا المال نفقةَ سَنَتِهِ، ثمَّ يأخذُ ما بَقي فَيَجْعَلَه مَجْعَلَ مالِ اللّهِ، فعملَ بذلك رسولُ الله ﷺ حياتَه، أنشْدُكم بالله هل تَعْلمون ذلك؟ قالوا: نعم. ثم قال لعليٍّ وعباس: أنْشُدُكما باللهِ هل تَعْلَمان ذلك؟ قالا: نعم! فَتَوفَّى اللهُ نبيَّه فقال أبو بكر، (رضي الله عنه) : أنا وَليُّ رسولِ الله ﷺ . فقَبضَها فعمِلَ بما عمِل به رسول الله ﷺ ثُم توفَّى اللهُ أبا بكر، فقلتُ: أنا وَليُّ وليِّ رسولِ الله ﷺ فَقَبضتها سنتين، أعْمَلُ فيها بما عمل رسولُ الله ﷺ وأبو بكر، ثم جئْتُماني وكَلِمَتُكما واحدةٌ وأمرُكُما جميعٌ، حتى جئتَني تسألُني نَصيبَك من ابن أخيك، وجاءني هذا ليسأَلَني نصيبَ امرأتِه من أبيها، فقلتُ: إن شِئْتُما دفعتُ إليكُما بذلك، فَتَلْتَمسانِ مني قَضاء غيرَ ذلك!! فواللّه الذي بإذنِه تقومُ السماءُ والأرضُ، لا أقْضي فيها قضاء غيرَ ذلك حتَّى تقومَ الساعة، فإن عَجَزْتُما فادفعاها إليّ فأنا أكْفيكُماها. وقد رواه البخاري (١) في أماكن متفرقة من "صحيحه" ، ومسلم (٢) وأهل السنن (٣) من طرقٍ، عن الزهري به. وفي روايةٍ في "الصحيحين" (٤) ، فقال عمر: فَوَليها أبو بكر، فعمل فيها بما عمل رسول الله ﷺ ، واللهُ يعلمُ أنَّه صادقٌ بارٌّ راشدٌ تابعٌ للحقّ، (ثم وليتُها فعملتُ فيها بما عملَ رسول الله ﷺ وأبو بكر، والله يعلم أني صادقٌ بارٌّ [راشد] تابعٌ للحق) (٥) ثم جئتُماني فدفعتها إليكما لتعملا فيها بما عَمِلَ رسولُ الله ﷺ وأبو بكر، وعملتُ فيها أنا، أنْشدُكُم بالله أدفعتُها إليهما بذلك؟ قالوا: نعم. ثم قال لهما: أنْشُدُكما بالله هل دفعتُها إليكما بذلك؟ قالا: نعم، فال: أفَتَلْتمسان مني قَضاءً غيرَ ذلك؟ لا، والذي بإذنه تقومُ السَّماءُ والأرضُ. وقال الإمام أحمد (٦) : حدَّثنا سُفْيان عن عمرو، عن الزُّهْري، عن مالك بن أوس، قال: سَمِعْتُ عمر يقول لعبد الرحمن وطلحة والزبير وسعد: نَشَدْتُكُم بالله الذي تقومُ السماءُ والأرضُ بأمره، أعلمتُم أنّ رسولَ الله ﷺ ، قال: "لا نُوَرثُ، ما تَرَكْنا صَدَقةٌ؟ " قالوا: نعم. على شرط الصحيحين. قلت: وكان الذي سَأَلاهُ بعدَ تَفْويضِ النظرِ إليهما، والله أعلم، هو أن يَقْسِمَ بينهما النظرَ، فيجعَل لكلِّ واحدٍ منهما نظر ما كان يستحقُّه بالإرث (٧) لو قُدِّر أنه كان وارثاً، وكأنهما قدَّما بينَ أيديهما جماعةً من الصَّحابة، منهم عثمانُ وابن عوفٍ وطلحةُ والزبيرُ وسَعْدٌ، وكان قد وَقَعَ بينهما خُصومةٌ شديدةٌ بسببِ

(١) البخاري (٣٠٩٤، ٤٠٣٣، ٥٣٥٨، ٧٣٠٥). (٢) مسلم (١٧٥٧) (٤٨) و (٤٩) و (٥٠). (٣) أبو داود ٢٩٦٣، والترمذي (١٦١٠)، والنسائي في السنن الكبرى (٦٣٠٧ - ٦٣١٠)، والحديث ليس عند ابن ماجه. (٤) البخاري (٧٣٠٥) ومسلم (١٥٧) (٤٩). (٥) ليس ما بين القوسين في ط. (٦) مسند الإمام أحمد (١/ ٢٥، ١٦٢، ١٦٤، ١٩١). (٧) ط: (بالأرض) وأ: (من الإرث).