Chapter (1)
Clarification that he ﷺ said: “We are not to be inherited from.”
Imām Aḥmad(2) reported: Sufyān narrated to us, from Abū al-Zinād, from al-Aʿraj, from Abū Hurayrah—conveying it up to the Prophet. On another occasion he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared, “My heirs shall not divide up a dinar or a dirham; whatever I leave, after providing for my wives and the wages of my servant, is charity.”
This was also transmitted by al-Bukhārī(3), Muslim(4), and Abū Dāwūd(5) through various chains from Mālik ibn Anas, from Abū al-Zinād ʿAbd Allāh ibn Dhakwān, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Hurmuz al-Aʿraj, from Abū Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “My heirs shall not apportion a single dinar; whatever I leave after the maintenance of my wives and the wages of my servant is charity”—this being al-Bukhārī’s wording.
Al-Bukhārī(6) further said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslamah related to us, from Mālik, from Ibn Shihāb, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, the Prophet’s wives wished to dispatch ʿUthmān to Abū Bakr to ask him(7) for their inheritance. ʿĀʾishah said, “Did not the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘We prophets are not to be inherited from; whatever we leave is charity’?” Muslim reported the same from Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā, Abū Dāwūd from al-Qaʿnabi, and al-Nasāʾī from Qutaybah, all of them from Mālik with this chain.(8) Thus, one of the very women who would have inherited—were inheritance applicable—acknowledged that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had declared his estate to be charity, not something to be inherited. It appears that the remaining Mothers of the Believers agreed with her report and recalled what she reminded them of, for her wording indicates that the matter was firmly settled among them. Allah knows best.
Al-Bukhārī(9) also said: Ismāʿīl ibn Abān narrated to us, ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak informed us, from Yūnus, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah that the Prophet ﷺ said, “We prophets are not to be inherited from; whatever we leave is charity.”
Al-Bukhārī further stated, under the heading “The saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, ‘We are not to be inherited from; whatever we leave is charity’”: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad narrated to us; Hutham narrated to us; Maʿmar informed us; from al-Zuhrī; from ʿUrwah; from ʿĀʾishah that Fāṭimah and al-ʿAbbās came to Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—seeking their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. At that time they were asking for his land in Fadak and his allotment from Khaybar. He said to them—