Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He continued, “So judge decisively between me and them and rescue me, together with those believers who are with me.” (118)
So We delivered him and those with him in the fully-laden Ark, (119)
and thereafter We drowned the rest. (120)
Surely in that is a sign, yet most of them would not believe, (121)
and indeed your Lord—He alone—is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. (122) [ash-Shuʿarāʾ 105-122]

Allah—exalted is He—also says in Sūrat al-ʿAnkabūt:
“We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he stayed among them a thousand years save fifty; then the Flood seized them while they were doing wrong. (14) We saved him and the people of the ship, and We made it a sign for all peoples.” (15) [al-ʿAnkabūt 14-15]

And He, exalted is He, says in Sūrat aṣ-Ṣāffāt:
“Indeed Noah called upon Us, and how excellent We were in answering! (75) We delivered him and his family from the terrible anguish, (76) and We made his descendants the ones who survived. (77) We left for him a good name among later generations: (78) ‘Peace be upon Noah among all beings.’ (79) Thus do We reward those who excel. (80) Truly he was one of Our faithful servants. (81) Then We drowned the others.” (82) [aṣ-Ṣāffāt 75-82]

And He, exalted is He, says in Sūrat al-Qamar:
“The people of Noah before them denied the truth; they rejected Our servant and said, ‘Madman!’ and he was rebuffed. (9) So he called upon his Lord, ‘I am overpowered, so help me!’ (10) Thereupon We opened the gates of heaven with torrents of water, (11) and We made the earth burst forth with springs, so the waters met according to a decree already ordained. (12) We carried him upon a vessel of planks and nails, (13) sailing under Our eyes as a recompense for one who had been rejected. (14) We left it as a sign—so is there anyone who will take heed? (15) How severe were My punishment and My warnings! (16) And We have indeed made the Qur’an easy for remembrance—so is there anyone who will take heed?” (17) [al-Qamar 9-17]

He, exalted is He, also says:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
“Indeed We sent Noah to his people: ‘Warn your people before a painful punishment comes upon them.’ (1) He said, ‘My people, I am to you a clear warner: (2) Worship Allah, fear Him, and obey me; (3) He will forgive you your sins and grant you respite until an appointed term. Surely, when Allah’s appointed term arrives it cannot be deferred, if only you knew.’ (4)

Noah said, ‘My Lord, I have called my people night and day, (5) but my call has only made them flee the more. (6) Whenever I called them so that You might forgive them, they thrust their fingers into their ears, covered themselves with their garments, persisted, and grew [yet more] arrogant. (7) Then I called them openly; (8) then I spoke to them publicly and privately, (9) and I said, “Seek forgiveness from your Lord—surely He is ever Forgiving; (10) He will send down rain upon you in abundance, (11) reinforce you with wealth and sons, set for you gardens, and set for you rivers. (12) What is the matter with you that you do not hold Allah in due reverence, (13) seeing that He created you in stages? (14) Have you not considered how Allah created seven heavens in layers, (15) and placed the moon therein as a light and made the sun a radiant lamp? (16) Allah caused you to grow from the earth like a plant, (17) then He will return you to it and bring you forth again. (18) Allah has spread the earth for you like a carpet, (19) so that you may travel along its broad pathways.”’ (20)

Noah said, ‘My Lord, they have disobeyed me and followed those whose wealth and children only increase them in loss, (21) and they have plotted an immense plot, (22) and they have said, “Never abandon your gods; never abandon Wadd, Suwāʿ, Yaghūth, Yaʿūq, or Nasr.” (23) They have led many astray, so grant no increase to the wrongdoers except in error. (24) Because of their sins they were drowned, then made to enter a Fire, and they found none to help them against Allah. (25) Noah said, ‘My Lord, leave not upon the earth a single dweller from among the disbelievers. (26) If You leave them, they will mislead Your servants and will beget none but wicked, stubborn disbelievers. (27) My Lord, forgive me, my parents, whoever enters my house as a believer, and the believing men and believing women, and increase the wrongdoers only in ruin.’” (28) [Nūḥ 1-28]

We have already discussed each of these passages in our commentary. Here we shall set out the substance of the story by gathering what is scattered across the various verses, together with what is indicated by the Prophetic narrations and historical reports. The account is also mentioned elsewhere in the Qur’an, where praise is given to him and censure to those who opposed him.

Thus Allah, exalted is He, says in Sūrat an-Nisāʾ:
“We have indeed revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him; and [We revealed] to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron and Solomon, and We gave David the Psalms; (163) and to messengers We have related to you before, and to messengers We have not related to you, and Allah spoke to Moses directly; (164) messengers—”

وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَتْحًا وَنَجِّنِي وَمَنْ مَعِيَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (١١٨) فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ فِي الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ (١١٩) ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا بَعْدُ الْبَاقِينَ (١٢٠) إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ (١٢١) وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ [الشعراء: ١٠٥ - ١٢٢] . وقال تعالى في سورة العنكبوت: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ (١٤) فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ السَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [العنكبوت: ١٤ - ١٥] . وقال تعالى في سورة الصافات: ﴿وَلَقَدْ نَادَانَا نُوحٌ فَلَنِعْمَ الْمُجِيبُونَ (٧٥) وَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ (٧٦) وَجَعَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُ هُمُ الْبَاقِينَ (٧٧) وَتَرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي الْآخِرِينَ (٧٨) سَلَامٌ عَلَى نُوحٍ فِي الْعَالَمِينَ (٧٩) إِنَّا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (٨٠) إِنَّهُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٨١) ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ﴾ [الصافات: ٧٥ - ٨٢] . وقال تعالى في سورة اقتربت: ﴿كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُوا عَبْدَنَا وَقَالُوا مَجْنُونٌ وَازْدُجِرَ (٩) فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانْتَصِرْ (١٠) فَفَتَحْنَا أَبْوَابَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَاءٍ مُنْهَمِرٍ (١١) وَفَجَّرْنَا الْأَرْضَ عُيُونًا فَالْتَقَى الْمَاءُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ (١٢) وَحَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى ذَاتِ أَلْوَاحٍ وَدُسُرٍ (١٣) تَجْرِي بِأَعْيُنِنَا جَزَاءً لِمَنْ كَانَ كُفِرَ (١٤) وَلَقَدْ تَرَكْنَاهَا آيَةً فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ (١٥) فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عَذَابِي وَنُذُرِ (١٦) وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآنَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ﴾ [القمر: ٩ - ١٧] وقال تعالى: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ (١) إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (١) قَالَ يَاقَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ (٢) أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ (٣) يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى إِنَّ أَجَلَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لَا يُؤَخَّرُ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (٤) قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا (٥) فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا (٦) وَإِنِّي كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا اسْتِكْبَارًا (٧) ثُمَّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًا (٨) ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًا (٩) فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا (١٠) يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا (١١) وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا (١٢) مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا (١٣) وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا (١٤) أَلَمْ تَرَوْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا (١٥) وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا (١٦) وَاللَّهُ أَنْبَتَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ نَبَاتًا (١٧) ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجًا (١٨) وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ بِسَاطًا (١٩) لِتَسْلُكُوا مِنْهَا سُبُلًا فِجَاجًا (٢٠) قَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِي وَاتَّبَعُوا مَنْ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ إِلَّا خَسَارًا (٢١) وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا (٢٢) وَقَالُوا لَا تَذَرُنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّا وَلَا سُوَاعًا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًا (٢٣) وَقَدْ أَضَلُّوا كَثِيرًا وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا ضَلَالًا (٢٤) مِمَّا خَطِيئَاتِهِمْ أُغْرِقُوا فَأُدْخِلُوا نَارًا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَنْصَارًا (٢٥) وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا (٢٦) إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا (٢٧) رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِنًا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَلَا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَبَارًا﴾ [نوح: ١ - ٢٨] . وقد تكلَّمنا على كل موضع من هذه في التفسير، وسنذكرُ مضمون القصَّة مجموعًا من الأماكن المتفرِّقة، ومما دلَّت عليه الأحاديث والآثار، وقد جرى ذكره أيضًا في مواضع متفرَّقة من القرآن فيها مَدْحه وذمُّ منْ خالفَه، فقال تعالى في سورة النساء: ﴿إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا (١٦٣) وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا (١٦٤) رُسُلًا

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