Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

until Allah annihilates the hypocrites.

She said: Then Abū Bakr came; I lifted the curtain and he looked at him. He said, “To Allah we belong and to Him we return; the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has passed away.” He approached the Prophet’s head, bent down, kissed his forehead and said, “Ah, my Prophet!” He raised his head, bent down again, kissed his forehead and said, “Ah, my intimate companion!” He raised his head once more, bent down, kissed his forehead and said, “Ah, my beloved friend! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has passed away.”

He then went out to the mosque, where ʿUmar was addressing the people, saying, “The Messenger of Allah will not die until Allah destroys the hypocrites.” Abū Bakr spoke, praising and extolling Allah, and said, “Allah says: ‘Indeed, you are to die, and indeed they are to die’ (al-Zumar 39:30),” and he completed the verse. Then he recited: “‘Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers have passed on before him. If he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heels? Whoever turns back on his heels…’ (Āl ʿImrān 3:144),” and he finished the verse. He then said, “Whoever used to worship Allah—Allah is Ever-Living (1); and whoever used to worship Muhammad, Muhammad has indeed died.”

ʿUmar exclaimed, “Is that really in the Book of Allah? I had no idea that it was in the Book of Allah.” He then said, “People, this is Abū Bakr, the elder (2) of the Muslims; pledge allegiance to him.” So they pledged allegiance to him.

This report was also transmitted by Abū Dāwūd (3) and al-Tirmidhī (4) in al-Shamāʾil (5) through the isnād of Marḥūm ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-ʿAṭṭār, from Abū ʿImrān al-Jawnī, with part of its wording.

Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī (6) said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us; Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq informed us; Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Milḥān narrated to us; Yaḥyā ibn Bukayr narrated to us; al-Layth narrated to us, from ʿUqayl, from Ibn Shihāb, who said: Abū Salamah ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (7) told me that ʿĀʾishah informed him: Abū Bakr came riding his horse from his home in al-Sunḥ (8). He dismounted and entered the mosque, and spoke to no one until he went in to ʿĀʾishah. He headed straight for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—who was shrouded (9) in a striped Yemeni cloak—uncovered his face, leaned over him and kissed him, then wept. He said, “May my father and mother be your ransom, O Messenger of Allah! By Allah, Allah will never combine two deaths for you. As for the death that was decreed for you, you have already tasted it.”

(1) In the printed edition, after this it reads “la yamūt.” (2) In the printed edition, “sabiyya” is a corruption. (3) In the printed edition: “waqad rawā.” (4) Abu Dawud, no. 2137 – an authentic hadith. (5) al-Shama’il al-Tirmidhi, p. 374. (6) al-Bayhaqi, Dalā’il an-Nubuwwa, vol. 7, p. 215. (7) In the printed edition, “an” is a corruption. See Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, vol. 4, p. 287. (8) al-Sunh—pronounced with a short u on the first letter and a sukun on the second, though sometimes with a short u on the second—is an estate of Medina where Abu Bakr as-Siddiq had a dwelling. It lay on the city’s outskirts, one mile between the settlement of al-Hārith ibn al-Khazraj in the suburbs and the Prophet’s residence (peace be upon him). (al-Mu‘jam al-Buldan: entry “Sunh”) (9) In Dalā’il, the reading is “maʿsha ‘alayh.”
اللَّهُ المنافقين. قالت: ثم جاء أبو بكر فرفعتُ الحجاب، فنظر إليه، فقال: إنا للَّه وإنا إليه راجعون، مات رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ . ثم أتاه من قِبل رَأْسِه فحدَر فاه فَقَبَّل جَبْهَتَهُ ثم قال: وانبيَّاه. ثم رفع رأسَه فحدرَ فاه، وقَبَّل جَبْهَته، ثم قال: واصَفيّاه، ثم رفعَ رأسَه وحدَر فاه وقَبَّلَ جَبْهَته، وقال: واخَليلاه، مات رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ وخرج إلى المسجد، وعمر يخطبُ النَّاسَ، ويتكلَّم ويقول: إنّ رسولَ اللَّه لا يموتُ حتى يُفْنيَ اللَّهُ المنافقين. فتكلَّم أبو بكرٍ فَحَمِدَ اللَّه وأثْنَى عَلَيْه، ثم قال إن اللَّه يقول: ﴿إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ﴾ [الزمر: ٣٠] حتى فرغ من الآية. ﴿وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٤٤] ، حتى فرغ من الآية، ثم قال: فَمَنْ كانَ يَعْبَدُ اللَّه فإنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ (١) ، ومَنْ كان يَعْبُد محمدًا فإن مُحَمَّدًا قد مات. فقال عمر: أو أنّها في كتاب اللَّه، ما شعرتُ أنَّها في كتاب اللَّه. ثم قال عمر: يا أيها الناس، هذا أبو بكر، وهو ذو شَيْبَة (٢) المسلمين، فبايِعوه، فبايَعوه. وقد رواه (٣) أبو داود (٤) والترمذي. في "الشمائل" (٥) من حديث مَرْحومِ بن عبد العزيز العَطّار، عن أبي عِمْرانَ الجَوْني به ببعضه. وقال الحافظ البيهقيّ (٦) : أنبأنا أبو عبد اللَّه الحافظ، أخبرنا أبو بكر بن إسحاق، أخبرنا أحمد بن إبراهيم بن مِلْحان، ثنا يحيى بن بكير، ثنا الليث، عن عُقَيْل، عن ابن شهاب، أخبرني أبو سلمة بن (٧) عبد الرحمن أن عائشة أخبرته: أنَّ أبا بكرٍ أقبل على فَرَسٍ من مَسْكَنه بالسُّنْح (٨) ، حتى نزل، فدخل المسجدَ، فلم يكلِّم الناس حتى دخل على عائشة، فيمَّم رسول اللَّه ﷺ -وهو مُسَجًى (٩) ببردِ حِبَرَةٍ، فكشف عن وجهه، ثم أكبَّ عليه فقبَّله، ثم بكى. ثم قال: بأبي أنتَ وأُمّي يا رسولَ اللَّه، واللَّه لا يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عليكَ مَوتَتَيْنِ أبدًا، أما الموتةُ التي كُتِبَتْ عليكَ فَقَدْ مُتَّها.
(١) بعده في ط: (لا يموت). (٢) ط: (سبية) تحريف. (٣) ط: (وقد روى). (٤) أبو داود (٢١٣٧)، وهو حديث صحيح. (٥) شمائل الترمذي (٣٧٤). (٦) دلائل النبوة للبيهقي (٧/ ٢١٥). (٧) ط: (عن) تحريف. وانظر سير أعلام النبلاء (٤/ ٢٨٧). (٨) السُّنح: بضم أوله، وسكون ثانيه، وقد يضمّ ثانيه، وهي إحدى محال المدينة كان بها منزل أبي بكر الصديق ﵁ وهي في طرف من أطراف المدينة، وهي منازل الحارث بن الخزرج بعوالي المدينة وبينها وبين منزل النَّبِيّ ﷺ ميل (معجم البلدان: سنح). (٩) في الدلائل: (معشى عليه).

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