Likewise, it was transmitted by Ashʿath ibn Barāz, Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūbah (1), and Hammām (2) from Qatādah (3) in its original form.

Maṭar al-Warrāq (4) and Bayhas ibn Fahdān (5)(6) also reported it from Abū Shaykh with regard to the tamattuʿ of Hajj. Indeed, Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī recorded it through several routes from Abū Shaykh al-Hunāʾī (8), and its chain of transmission is sound. What strikes one as odd is that the report has Muʿāwiyah—may Allah be pleased with him—prohibiting the combination of Hajj and ʿumrah. Perhaps the original wording referred to a prohibition of mutʿah (9), and the narrator assumed it meant the pilgrim’s tamattuʿ, whereas it was actually the temporary marriage; and none of those Companions had heard any prohibition concerning that.

Another possibility is that the prohibition concerned “pairing” dates, as in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUmar (10), and the narrator thought the intended meaning was qirān in Hajj, which is not the case. Or perhaps Muʿāwiyah simply said, “Do you know it has been forbidden to do such-and-such?” without naming who forbade it, whereupon the narrator attributed it directly to the Prophet ﷺ and thus erred. For the one who actually discouraged the tamattuʿ of Hajj was ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (14), and even his discouragement did not amount to an absolute, binding prohibition (15), as we have explained. Rather, he advised that Hajj and ʿumrah be performed in separate journeys so that visits to the House might increase.

The Companions—may Allah be pleased with them—held ʿUmar in great awe and therefore seldom dared to oppose him. His own son, ʿAbd Allāh, however, did disagree with him. When told, “Your father used to forbid it,” he replied, “I fear that stones from the sky may fall upon you! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ practiced it. Which Sunnah should be followed, that of the Messenger of Allah, or that of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb?”

ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān also discouraged it, while ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, as mentioned earlier, opposed him, declaring, “I will never abandon the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in favor of anyone else’s opinion.”