Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Ibn Isḥāq said:

They returned to their people during the rest of Shawwāl or at the beginning of Dhū al-Qaʿdah. After their delegation had departed, the Messenger ﷺ sent ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm to them so that he might instruct them in the religion, teach them the Sunnah and the hallmarks of Islam, and collect their alms. He also wrote him a letter, entrusting him with the mission and detailing his instructions. Ibn Isḥāq reproduced this document, and we have already cited it—through the chain related by al-Bayhaqī—in the account of the delegation of the kings of Ḥimyar. Al-Nasāʾī likewise transmitted it, in wording similar to that cited by Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, though without an isnād.

The Prophet’s dispatching of governors to the people of Yemen before the Farewell Pilgrimage to call them to Allah, Exalted is He

Al-Bukhārī said: “Chapter: The dispatch of Abū Mūsā and Muʿādh to Yemen before the Farewell Pilgrimage.”

Mūsā related to us; Abū ʿAwānah related to us; ʿAbd al-Malik related, from Abū Burdah, who said:

The Prophet ﷺ sent Abū Mūsā and Muʿādh ibn Jabal to Yemen, assigning each of them to a district. He said, “Yemen consists of two districts.” Then he instructed them:

“Make things easy and do not make them difficult; give glad tidings and do not drive people away.”

In another wording: “Work together and do not differ.”

Each of them set out to his appointed task. Whenever one of them travelled in his territory and came near his companion, he would visit him and convey greetings. Thus Muʿādh travelled through his area until he came close to Abū Mūsā. He approached on his mule until he reached him and found him seated with the people gathered around him, while a man stood nearby with his hands bound to his neck. Muʿādh said, “O ʿAbd Allah ibn Qays, who is this man?” He replied, “This is a man who reverted to unbelief after accepting Islam.” Muʿādh said, “I shall not dismount until he is executed.” Abū Mūsā answered, “He has been brought for that very purpose—so dismount.” Muʿādh repeated, “I will not dismount until he is killed.” The order was therefore given and the man was executed; only then did Muʿādh dismount.

(1) Sirah Ibn Hisham (2:594). (2) al-Iṣābah (2:532). (3) The phrase ‘ʿuhd ilayh’ (entrusted to him) does not appear in the printed edition. (4) Narrated by al-Nasā’ī (8:57) with a weak isnād (chain of transmission); most of its passages have supporting chains. (5) The second line of the heading is not in the printed edition. (6) Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī no. 4341, chapter “Sending Abū Mūsā and Muʿādh to Yemen before the Farewell Pilgrimage.” (7) Mukhalaf al-balad: its sultan (governor). According to Ibn Sīda, a mukhalaf is the district over which a person resides; among the Yemenites there is a single mukhalaf subdivided into kuras (districts), each known by a specific name. Ibn al-Barr states that the mukhalaf in Yemen are like the ajnad of al-Shām, the awras of Iraq, the rusāṭiq of the mountain dwellers, and the ṭasāsij of Ahwaz (al-Lisān: “kur”). (8) The phrase ‘ilā ʿunuqihi’ (to his neck) is not in the printed edition. (9) In the margin of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: The expression ‘aym hādhā’ is also transmitted as ‘ayy’ (with a dammah on the yāʾ), which is the interrogative pronoun; the word mā (“what”) was added and the alif was subsequently dropped, yielding ayy mā hādhā? (“what is this thing?”).
قال ابن إسحاق (١) : ثم رَجعوا إلى قَوْمِهم في بَقيَّةِ شَوّالٍ أو في صَدْرِ ذي القعدة، قال: ثم بعثَ إليهم بعدَ أن وَلَّى وفدُهم عمرَو بن حَزْم (٢) ليُفَقِّهَهُم في الدِّين، ويُعَلِّمَهُم السُّنَّةَ ومعالمَ الإِسلام، ويأخذَ منهم صَدَقاتِهم، وكتب له كتابًا عهد إليه (٣) فيه عهدَه، وأمره أمرَهُ. ثم أورده ابنُ إسحاق. وقد قدمناه في وفد ملوك حمير من طريق البيهقي. وقد رواه النَّسائي (٤) نظيرَ ما ساقه محمد بن إسحاق بغير إسناد. بَعْثُ رسولِ الله ﷺ الأمراءَ إلى أهْلِ اليَمَنِ قبل حجة الوداع يدعونهم إلى الله – Exalté soit-Il – (٥) قال البخاري (٦) : باب بعث أبي موسى ومعاذٍ إلى اليمن قبل حجة الوداع. حدّثنا موسى، حدّثنا أبو عَوانة، حدّثنا عبد الملك، عن أبي بُردة قال: بعث النبيُّ ﷺ أبا موسى ومُعاذ بن جَبَل إلى اليمن. قال: وبعث كلَّ واحدٍ منهما على مِخْلاف (٧) . قال: واليمنُ مِخْلافان. ثم قال: "يَسِّرا ولا تُعَسِّرا وبَشِّرا ولا تُنفِّرا" وفي روايةٍ: "وتطاوَعا ولا تَخْتَلفا" وانطلقَ كلُّ واحدٍ منهما إلى عمله. قال: وكان كلُّ واحدٍ منهما إذا سار في أرضه وكان قريبًا من صاحبه أحدثَ به عَهْدًا، فسلَّم عليه، فسار معاذٌ في أرضه قريبًا من صاحبه أبي موسى، فجاء يسيرُ على بغلته حتّى انتهى إليه، فإذا هو جالسٌ وقد اجتمع الناسُ إليه، وإذا رجلٌ عندَه قد جُمِعَتْ يداه، إلى عنقه (٨) فقال له معاذٌ: يا عبدَ اللهِ بن قيس، أيُّمَ هذا (٩) ؟ قال: هذا رجلٌ كَفَرَ بعدَ إسلامه، قال: لا أنزلُ حتَّى يُقتلَ. قال: إنما جِيءَ به لذلك، فانْزلْ. قال: ما أَنْزِلُ حتّى يُقْتَلَ، فأمرَ به فقُتِل، ثم نزل.
(١) سيرة ابن هشام (٢/ ٥٩٤). (٢) الإصابة (٢/ ٥٣٢). (٣) ليست عبارة (عهد إليه) في ط. (٤) رواه النسائي (٨/ ٥٧) وإسناده ضعيف، وأكثر فقراته لها شواهد. (٥) ليس السطر الثاني من العنوان في ط. (٦) صحيح البخاري رقم (٤٣٤١) باب بعث أبي موسى ومعاذ إلى اليمن قبل حجة الوداع. (٧) مخلاف البلد: سُلطانه. ابن سيده: والمخلاف الكورة يقدم عليها الإنسان وهو عند أهل اليمن واحد المخاليف وهي كُوَرها، ولكل مخلاف منها اسم يعرف به. قال ابن بري: المخاليف لأهل اليمن كالأجناد لأهل الشام، والكور لأهل العراق والرساتيق لأهل الجبال والطساسيج لأهل الأهواز (اللسان: كور). (٨) عبارة (إلى عنقه) ليست في ط. (٩) جاء على هامش صحيح البخاري: "قوله: أيم هذا، وروي أيُّ بضم الياء وهي التي للاستفهام، زيدت عليها كلمة ما ثم حذفت الألف. أي: أيُّ شيءٍ هذا؟ ".

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