Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī here cites the ḥadith of the letter sent to ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm. He states:
“Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ related to us; Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Aṣamm related to us; Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār related to us; Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us, from Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, who said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr narrated to me from his father Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm who said:
‘We possess the document of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ which he wrote for ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm when he dispatched him to Yemen to give its people understanding of the religion, teach them the Sunnah, and collect their Zakāh. He wrote for him a letter and covenant, instructing him as follows:
In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful.
This is a writ from Allah and His Messenger:
“O you who believe, fulfil [all] covenants.” (Al-Māʾidah 5:1)
It is a covenant from the Messenger of Allah to ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm when he sent him to Yemen. He charged him to fear Allah in every matter—for Allah is with those who are mindful of Him and who excel—and ordered him to judge with justice as Allah has commanded, to give the people glad tidings of good and enjoin it upon them, to teach them the Qur’an and grant them understanding of the religion, and to forbid anyone from touching the Qur’an unless he is in a state of purity. He was to inform the people of their rights and obligations, be gentle with them in truth and firm with them in wrongdoing, for Allah has forbidden oppression and declared it unlawful, saying:
“Indeed, the curse of Allah is upon the wrongdoers—those who bar [others] from the path of Allah.” (Hūd 11:18–19)
He is to give the people glad tidings of Paradise and the deeds that lead to it, warn them of the Fire and the deeds that lead to it, and win their hearts until they gain understanding of the religion. He is to teach the people the landmarks, Sunnah, and obligations of the Pilgrimage, and all that Allah has enjoined. The greater pilgrimage is Ḥajj, and the lesser pilgrimage is ʿUmrah.
He is to forbid the people: that a man pray in a single small garment unless it is wide enough for him to wrap its two ends over his shoulders; that a man sit clasping his knees in a single garment with his private parts exposed toward the sky; or that anyone tie up his hair at the back of his neck when it has grown long.
He is to forbid them, should discord arise among them, to summon one another by tribes and clans; rather, their call must be to Allah alone, without partner. Whoever refuses to call to Allah but calls to clans and tribes—let them be struck with the sword until their call is to Allah alone, without partner.
He is to command the people to perfect their ablution—washing their faces and their hands up to the elbows, and their feet up to the ankles, and wiping their heads as Allah, Exalted is He, has commanded; to observe the prayer at its appointed time, perfecting bowing and prostration; to offer the dawn prayer while it is still dark; to perform the noon prayer in the intense midday heat once the sun has declined; to offer the afternoon prayer while the sun is still bright upon the earth; to perform the sunset prayer when night begins, without delaying it until the stars appear; and the night prayer at its earliest