and in their aims (1) and intentions, their words and their deeds—
as the Most High says: “In the earth you shall have a dwelling-place and enjoyment for a while” (al-Baqarah 36).
From this it in no way follows that they were in the heavens, just as He also says: “And after him We said to the Children of Israel, ‘Settle in the land; then, when the promise of the Hereafter comes to pass, We shall bring you forth in mixed multitudes’” (al-Isrāʾ 104). It is obvious that they were already on earth and not in heaven.
They add: This view is not built upon the opinion of those who deny the present existence of Paradise and Hell, nor is there any necessary connection between the two. Everyone among the early generations and most of the later scholars who voiced this opinion nevertheless affirms that Paradise and Hell exist today, exactly as the clear Qur’anic verses and authentic aḥādīth indicate, as will be cited in their proper place. Allah knows best what is correct.
The Exalted says: “Then Satan caused them to slip from it” (al-Baqarah 36)—that is, from the Garden—“and We expelled them from what they had been in” (al-Baqarah 36), meaning from bliss, freshness, and joy to a realm of toil, hardship, and vexation. This happened through the whispering he cast into their breasts, as the Most High says: “Then Satan whispered to them, so as to expose to them what had been hidden from them of their nakedness, and he said: ‘Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree lest you become angels or lest you be among those who live forever’” (al-Aʿrāf 20)—that is, He has only prohibited you from eating this tree so that you might not become angels or immortals; in other words, if you eat from it you will become so.
“And he swore to them” (al-Aʿrāf 21)—that is, he took an oath—“‘I am indeed a sincere adviser to you’” (al-Aʿrāf 21). Likewise, in another verse He says: “Then Satan whispered to him; he said, ‘O Adam, shall I point you to the Tree of Everlasting Life and a kingdom that never decays?’” (Ṭā Hā 120), meaning: Shall I direct you to the tree which, if you eat from it, everlasting life will be yours in the bliss you now enjoy, and an enduring dominion that will never vanish or cease? Such was mere deception and falsification, a statement contrary to reality.
The upshot is that his phrase “the Tree of Everlasting Life—if you eat from it you will live forever” may in fact refer to the very tree concerning which Imām Aḥmad (3) related, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, from Shuʿbah, from Abū l-Ḍaḥḥāk, who said: I heard Abū Hurayrah say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
“In Paradise there is a tree whose shade a mounted rider could travel beneath for a hundred years without passing beyond it—it is the Tree of Everlasting Life.”
It was likewise transmitted (4) by Ghundar and Ḥajjāj from Shuʿbah, and Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī recorded it in his Musnad (5) from Shuʿbah as well. Ghundar (6) said: I asked Shuʿbah, “Is it the Tree of Everlasting Life?” The version he narrated (7) does not contain the word “it is”; this rendering is unique to him.