To Umm Haniʾ he said, “We have granted safety to anyone you have granted safety to, Umm Haniʾ.”

He added: This wording is also reported from ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ and Khālid ibn al-Walīd.

Abū Ḥanīfah said: A slave’s guarantee of safety is not valid.

Yet the Prophet’s ﷺ statement, “The least of them may grant protection,” clearly includes both the slave and the woman—and Allah knows best.

Al-Bayhaqī has transmitted (1) through Ḥammād ibn Salamah, from Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, from Abū Salamah, from Abū Hurayrah, who said: the Banū Kaʿb recited:

O Lord, I appeal to Muḥammad
by the pact our forefathers firmly made;
so grant—may Allah guide him—a decisive victory,
and call upon the servants of Allah to come as reinforcements.

Mūsā ibn ʿUqbah relates in his account of the Conquest of Mecca (2):

The Banū Nafāthah of Banū Duʾil raided Banū Kaʿb during the truce that existed between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Quraysh. Banū Kaʿb were under the protection of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whereas Banū Nafāthah were allied with Quraysh. Banū Bakr supported Banū Nafāthah, and Quraysh supplied them with weapons and slave troops. Banū Mudlij kept apart and honored the covenant they had sworn to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Among Banū Duʾil their two leaders were Salm ibn al-Aswad and Kulthūm ibn al-Aswad; it is also said that Safwān ibn Umayyah, Shaybah ibn ʿUthmān, and Suhayl ibn ʿAmr aided them.

Banū Duʾil attacked Banū ʿAmr—most of whom, it is claimed, were women, children, and weak men—pursuing and killing them until they forced them into the house of Budayl ibn Warqāʾ in Mecca. A delegation from Banū Kaʿb then rode out and came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, informing him of what had befallen them and of Quraysh’s part in it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them, “Return and disperse throughout the lands.”

Abū Sufyān subsequently left Mecca for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, anxious about what had happened. He said, “O Muḥammad, strengthen the pact and extend its term.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, “Is that why you have come? Has anything happened on your side?” He answered, “God forbid! We remain upon the covenant and treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyyah—we have neither changed nor altered it.”

Leaving the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he went to Abū Bakr and said, “Renew the pact and lengthen the term.” Abū Bakr replied, “My guarantee lies within the guarantee of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. By Allah, if I found even ants fighting you, I would aid them against you.”

He then came to ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and spoke with him. ʿUmar said, “Whatever part of our alliance is newly forged—may Allah wear it out; whatever is strong—may Allah cut it; and whatever is severed—may Allah not restore it.” Abū Sufyān retorted, “You have repaid a kinsman badly!”

Next he entered upon ʿUthmān and spoke with him. ʿUthmān said, “My guarantee is bound to the guarantee of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.”

He then approached the notables of Quraysh, speaking to them in turn, but each of them said, “Our pact stands within the pact of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” When he despaired of any help from them, he entered upon Fāṭimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and addressed her. She said, “I am only a woman; that matter…"