Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He allotted to each of his wives one uqiyyah of that musk, gave the remainder to Umm Salamah, and presented her with the robe as well. Allah knows best.

***
The Expedition of the Greatest Conquest (1)
It took place in Ramaḍān of the eighth year AH.

Allah, exalted is He, has referred to it in more than one passage of the Qur’an. He says:
“Those of you who spent and fought before the Conquest are not the same as those who spent and fought afterwards; the former are higher in rank. Yet Allah has promised each of them the finest reward.” (Al-Ḥadīd 57:10)

And He says:
“When the help of Allah comes, and the Conquest, and you see people entering Allah’s religion in multitudes, then glorify your Lord with His praise and seek His forgiveness; for He is ever accepting of repentance.” (An-Naṣr 1–3)

The reason behind the Conquest, following the truce of al-Hudaybiyah, is given by Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, who said: Al-Zuhrī related to me from ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr, from al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam; both told me:

Among the terms of the Hudaybiyah treaty was that whoever wished could enter into the pact and protection of Muḥammad, and whoever wished could enter into the pact and protection of Quraysh. The tribe of Khuza‘ah at once declared, “We side with Muḥammad and his covenant,” while Banū Bakr said, “We side with Quraysh and their covenant.”

They abided by that armistice for something like seventeen or eighteen months. Then Banū Bakr attacked Khuza‘ah by night at a spring called al-Watīr, which lies near Mecca. Quraysh said, “Muḥammad will know nothing of us; it is night and no one can see.” So they supplied Banū Bakr with mounts and weapons, fought alongside them, and did so out of rancor toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

When the affair of Khuza‘ah and Banū Bakr at al-Watīr occurred, ʿAmr ibn Sālim mounted his beast and rode until he reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to inform him of the news. On the way he composed some lines of verse, and when he arrived he recited them before the Prophet:

— from the rajaz metre —
“O Lord, I cry to Muhammad,
by the pact of his father and ours, firm-headed.
You were once children and we the parent tribe;
then we embraced Islam—never withdrawing our hand.
Grant Allah’s Messenger a victory full and grand,
call Allah’s servants forth to lend their band.
With them is Allah’s Messenger, sword in hand;
should oppression loom, his face will darken like the sand.”

(1) See its report in Uyoon al-Athar (vol. 2, p. 223); Zad al-Maad (vol. 3, p. 347); al-Fusool fi Sirat al-Rasul (p. 195); Shadharat al-Dhahab (vol. 1, p. 127) in my edition; and Sahih al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (vol. 2, p. 473). (2) That is, an immediate victory.
امرأةٍ من نسائهِ أوقيَّةً من ذلك المِسْكِ، وأعطى سائره أُمَّ سلمة، وأعطاها الحُلّة، والله أعلم. * * * غَزْوَةُ الفتح الأعظم (١) وكانت في رمضان سنة ثمان وقد ذكرها الله تعالى في القرآن في غير موضع، فقال تعالى: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي مِنْكُمْ مَنْ أَنْفَقَ مِنْ قَبْلِ الْفَتْحِ وَقَاتَلَ أُولَئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَقَاتَلُوا وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ الآية [الحديد: ١٠] . وقال تعالى ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ (١) وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا (٢) فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا﴾: [النصر: ١ - ٣] . وكان سبب الفتح بعد هُدنة الحُديبية ما ذكره محمد بن إسحاق، حدثني الزُّهريُّ، عن عُرْوَة بن الزّبير، عن المسور بن مَخْرَمَة، ومروان بن الحكم، أنهما حدَّثاه جميعًا قالا: كان في صُلح الحُديبية أنه من شاء أن يدخُل في عقد محمدٍ وعهده دخل، ومن شاء أن يدخل في عقد قريش وعهدهم دخل، فتواثبت خُزَاعَة وقالوا: نحن ندخل في عقد محمدٍ وعهده. وتواثبت بنو بكر وقالوا: نحن ندخل في عقد قريش وعهدهم. فمكثوا في تلك الهُدنة نحو السبعة أو الثمانية عثر شهرًا، ثم إن بني بكر وثبوا على خُزَاعة ليلًا، بماءً يقال له: الوتير. وهو قريب من مكة، وقالت قريش: ما يعلم بنا محمدٌ، وهذا الليل وما يرانا أحد. فأعانوهم عليهم بالكراع والسلاح، وقاتلوهم معهم، للضِّغن على رسول الله ﷺ ، وإنَّ عمرو بن سالم ركب عندما كان من أمر خُزَاعَة وبني بكر بالوتير، حتى قدم على رسول الله ﷺ يخبره الخبر، وقد قال أبيات شعر، فلما قدم على رسول الله ﷺ أنشده إياها: [من الرجز] لا هُمَّ إني ناشدٌ محمدا … حِلْفَ أبيه وأبينا الأتلَدَا قد كنتم وُلدًا وكنا والدا … ثُمَّت أسلمنا فلم ننزع يدا فانصر رَسُولَ الله نصرًا أعتدا (٢) … وادعُ عباد الله يأتوا مَدَدا فيهم رسولُ الله قد تجرَّدا … إن سِيمَ خسفًا وجههُ تَرَبَّدَا
(١) انظر خبرها في "عيون الأثر" (٢/ ٢٢٣) و"زاد المعاد" (٣/ ٣٤٧) و "الفصول في سيرة الرسول" ص (١٩٥) و"شذرات الذهب" (١/ ١٢٧) بتحقيقي و"صحيح السيرة النبوية" (٢/ ٤٧٣). (٢) أي: نصرًا حاضرًا.

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