This share was exclusively his. From it he would first set aside his family’s provisions for one year; whatever remained he regarded as the property of Allah, disbursing it on cavalry mounts, weaponry, and the general interests of the Muslims. When he, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him, passed away, Fāṭimah and the Prophet’s wives—most of them, if not all—assumed that those lands could be inherited from him, unaware of his established statement: “We, the company of Prophets, are not inherited from; whatever we leave behind is charity.”(1)
When Fāṭimah, the Prophet’s wives, and al-ʿAbbās requested their respective shares and asked Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq to hand the estates over to them, he reminded them of the Prophet’s words: “We are not inherited from; whatever we leave behind is charity.” He added, “I will continue to support those whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supported. By Allah, the kinship of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is dearer to me to maintain than my own kinship.” He spoke the truth—may Allah ennoble him and be pleased with him—for in this matter he was righteous, rightly guided, and committed to the truth.
Al-ʿAbbās and ʿAlī—speaking on Fāṭimah’s behalf, for the inheritance had eluded them—then asked permission to supervise that charitable estate themselves and to allocate it to the causes to which the Prophet ﷺ had allocated it. Abū Bakr refused, considering it his duty to administer the estate exactly as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had done and not to depart from his course or his precedent. Fāṭimah, may Allah be pleased with her, grew upset with him over this and felt some resentment, though she had no basis for it; she and all the Muslims knew Abū Bakr’s standing with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his unwavering support of the Prophet ﷺ during his life and after his death. May Allah reward him on behalf of His Prophet, of Islam, and of its people with the best reward.
Fāṭimah, may Allah be pleased with her, passed away six months later, and thereafter ʿAlī renewed his pledge of allegiance. During the caliphate of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, they asked him to entrust oversight of the charitable estate to ʿAlī and al-ʿAbbās, bolstering their request with a group of the leading Companions. ʿUmar—may Allah be pleased with him—agreed, given the multitude of his responsibilities, the vastness of his dominion, and the growing number of his subjects.
Al-ʿAbbās, who was ʿAlī’s uncle, then assumed control of the estate, and the two took their dispute to ʿUmar. They appeared before him with several Companions and asked that he divide the estate between them so that each might manage a separate portion. ʿUmar flatly refused, fearing that such a division would resemble the distribution of an inheritance. He said, “You must administer it together; if you cannot, return it to me. By Him in Whose command are the heavens and the earth, I will issue no other ruling regarding it.”
Thus they continued to manage it jointly, as did their descendants after them until the time of the Abbasid caliphs. Throughout, the revenues of the estates of Banū al-Naḍīr, Fadak, and the Prophet’s share of Khaybar were spent on the same categories to which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had allocated them.