He cried out, “and how rough you are!”
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ merely smiled. ʿUrwah then asked, “Who is this man, O Muhammad?” He replied, “This is your nephew, al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah.” ʿUrwah retorted, “You treacherous soul! Was it not only yesterday that I washed away your disgrace?”
Al-Zuhrī relates: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke to him in the same terms he had used with the others, telling him that he had not come for war. ʿUrwah rose to leave after witnessing how the Prophet’s Companions treated him: whenever he performed ablution they rushed for the water that dripped from him, whenever he spat they caught the spittle, and if a single hair fell from his head they picked it up. He returned to Quraysh and said, “People of Quraysh, I have visited Chosroes in his kingdom, Caesar in his kingdom, and the Negus in his kingdom, yet—by Allah—I have never seen a ruler honored by his people as Muhammad is by his Companions. I have seen a people who will never surrender him for anything whatsoever; so decide what you intend.”
Ibn Isḥāq (1) says: Knowledgeable men told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned Khurāsh ibn Umayyah al-Khuzāʿī, mounted him on one of his own camels—called “the Fox”—and sent him to Quraysh in Mecca to inform their chiefs of his purpose. They hamstrung the Prophet’s camel beneath him and tried to kill him, but the Aḥābish intervened; they released him, and he returned safely to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Ibn Isḥāq (2) adds—on the authority of ʿIkrimah [from Ibn ʿAbbās]—that Quraysh dispatched forty or fifty men, instructing them to circle the camp of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and seize one of his Companions. They were captured and brought before the Prophet ﷺ, who pardoned them and set them free, even though they had pelted the Muslim camp with stones and arrows. The Prophet ﷺ then called for ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb to send him to Mecca with his message for the Quraysh notables. ʿUmar said, “Messenger of Allah, I fear for my life with Quraysh; no one of Banū ʿAdiyy ibn Kaʿb is there to protect me, and Quraysh know my hostility and harshness toward them. But I can direct you to a man more respected there than I—ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān.”
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ therefore summoned ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān and sent him to Abū Sufyān and the Quraysh elders to tell them that he had not come for war but only as a visitor to this House, honoring its sanctity. ʿUthmān set out for Mecca and, upon entering—or just before entering—the city, was met by Abān ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ, who took him up behind him and granted him safe-conduct until he had delivered the Prophet’s message. ʿUthmān went to Abū Sufyān and the leaders of Quraysh and conveyed the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he had finished they said, “If you wish to circumambulate the House, then go ahead.” He answered, “I will not do so until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has done so.” Quraysh then detained him, and word spread among the Prophet ﷺ and the Muslims that ʿUthmān had been killed.
Ibn Isḥāq (3) states: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr told me that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of ʿUthmān’s death he declared, “We shall not leave until we have confronted these people.” He then called the believers to a pledge, and thus the Pledge of Riḍwān was sworn beneath the tree,