Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

He said, “The jinn were better than you in their response; every time I recited to them, ‘Then which of your Lord’s blessings will you both deny?’ they replied, ‘Our Lord, we deny none of Your blessings, and to You belongs all praise.’” This was related by al-Tirmidhī from Jābir, and by Ibn Jarīr and al-Bazzār from Ibn ʿUmar (1).

The scholars have differed over whether the believing jinn will enter Paradise (2) or whether the reward of those who obey among them is merely exemption from punishment in the Fire. There are two opinions. The sound view is that they do enter Paradise, because of the general statements of the Qur’an (3) and, more specifically, His words:

“For whoever fears standing before his Lord there shall be two gardens;
then which of your Lord’s blessings will you both deny?” (al-Raḥmān 55:46–47)

The Most High counted this as a favour bestowed upon them; had they not been entitled to it, He would not have mentioned it nor enumerated it among His blessings. This alone is an independent and sufficient proof in the matter, and Allah knows best.

Al-Bukhārī (4) narrates: Qutaybah told us, from Mālik, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Ṣaʿṣaʿah, from his father, that Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī said to him, “I see that you love sheep and the open country. When you are among your sheep in the wilderness and you call the adhān for prayer, raise your voice with the call, for nothing—jinn, human, or anything else—hears the reach of the mu’adhdhin’s voice without testifying for him on the Day of Resurrection.” Abū Saʿīd added, “I heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” Al-Bukhārī recorded it alone; Muslim did not.

As for the unbelieving jinn, they include the devils, whose chief and greatest leader is Iblīs, the enemy of Adam, the father of humankind. He and his offspring have been given power over Adam and his progeny, while Allah ﷻ has pledged to protect those of them who believe in Him, affirm His messengers, and follow His law (5), as He says:

“Indeed, My servants—you have no authority over them; and sufficient is your Lord as Guardian.” (al-Isrāʾ 17:65)

He also says:

“Iblīs certainly proved true his conjecture about them, so they followed him, except for a group of the believers. Yet he had no authority over them; it was only so that We might make manifest those who believe in the Hereafter from those who are in doubt about it. And your Lord is Guardian over all things.” (Sabaʾ 34:20–21)

And He says:

“O children of Adam, let not Satan tempt you as he expelled your parents from Paradise, stripping them of their garments to show them their nakedness. Indeed, he sees you—he and his clan—from where you do not see them. Truly, We have made the devils allies to those who do not believe.” (al-Aʿrāf 7:27)

He further says:

“When your Lord said to the angels, ‘I am creating a human being from dry clay, from moulded mud. So when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My Spirit, fall down to him in prostration.’
So the angels prostrated, all of them together,
except Iblīs; he refused to be among those who prostrated.
He said, ‘O Iblīs, what is the matter with you that you are not with those who prostrate?’
He said, ‘I am not one to prostrate to a human being whom You created from dry clay, from moulded mud.’
He said, ‘Then depart from it, for you are accursed. Upon you shall be the curse until the Day of Recompense.’
He said, ‘My Lord, then reprieve me until the Day they are raised up.’
He said, ‘Indeed, you are of those reprieved, until the Day of the appointed time.’” (al-Ḥijr 15:28–38)

(1) It is transmitted by al-Tirmidhi in al-Jami‘ (no. 3291) under the chapter on Tafsir from Jabir, who remarked, “This is a strange hadith.” It is also recorded by Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir (vol. 11, p. 582) from Ibn Umar. I say: it is a hasan (sound) hadith. (2) In the margin of manuscript A: clarification on whether he will enter Paradise or not. (3) In the printed edition: because of the general wording of the Qur’an and of the Almighty’s statement. (4) In his Sahih (no. 3296), in the section on the beginning of creation. (5) Likewise, in al-Uṣūl and in the printed edition it reads sallattahu.
أحسنَ منكم ردًّا، ما قرأت عليهم ﴿فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ﴾ إلا قالوا: ولا بشيءٍ من آلائك ربَّنا نُكَذِّبُ ولكَ الحمدُ". رواه الترمذيُّ: عن جابر، وابنُ جرير والبزَّار عن ابن عمر (١) . وقد اختلفَ العلماءُ في مؤمني الجنِّ هل يدخلو (٢) الجنة، أو يكونُ جزاء طائعهم أن لا يعذَّبَ في النار فقط. على قولين: الصحيحُ أنهم يدخلون الجنَّة لعمومات (٣) القرآن، ولخصوص قوله تعالى: ﴿وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ (٤٦) فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ﴾ [الرحمن: ٤٦ - ٤٧] فامتنَّ تعالى عليهم بذلك، فلولا أنهم ينالونه لما ذكرَه وعدَّه عليهم من النِّعمِ، وهذا وحدَه دليلٌ مستقلٌّ كافٍ في المسألة، واللَّه أعلم. وقال البخاري (٤) : حدَّثنا قُتَيْبة، عن مالك، عن عبد الرحمن بن عبد اللَّه بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي صعصعة، عن أبيه، أن أبا سعيدٍ الخدريَّ قال له: إني أراك تُحبُّ الغنمَ والباديةَ، فإذا كنتَ في غنمكَ وباديتك فأذَّنتَ بالصَّلاة، فارفعْ صوتك بالنِّداء، فإنَّه لا يسمعُ مدَى صوتِ المؤذِّن جِنٌّ ولا إنسٌ ولا شيءٌ إلا شهدَ له يوم القيامة. قال أبو سعيد: سمعتُه من رسولِ اللَّه ﷺ . انفردَ به البخاري دون مسلم. وأما كافرو الجِنِّ فمنهم الشياطين، ومقدَّمهُم الأكبرُ إبليسُ عدوُّ آدم أبي البشر، وقد سُلِّطَ (٥) هو وذريَّته على آدمَ وذريَّتِه، وتكفَّل اللَّه – Exalté soit-Il – بعصمةِ من آمنَ به، وصدَّق رسلَه، واتَّبع شرعه منهم، كما قال: ﴿إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ وَكَفَى بِرَبِّكَ وَكِيلًا﴾ [الإسراء: ٦٥] وقال تعالى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٢٠) وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِالْآخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِي شَكٍّ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَفِيظٌ﴾ [سبأ: ٢٠ - ٢١] وقال تعالى: ﴿يَابَنِي آدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ كَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْآتِهِمَا إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ٢٧] . وقال: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ (٢٨) فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ (٢٩) فَسَجَدَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلُّهُمْ أَجْمَعُونَ (٣٠) إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ (٣١) قَالَ يَاإِبْلِيسُ مَا لَكَ أَلَّا تَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ (٣٢) قَالَ لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَسْجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ (٣٣) قَالَ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ (٣٤) وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ اللَّعْنَةَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الدِّينِ (٣٥) قَالَ رَبِّ فَأَنْظِرْنِي إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ (٣٦) قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنْظَرِينَ (٣٧) إِلَى يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ (٣٨)
(١) أخرجه الترمذي في الجامع (٣٢٩١) في التفسير عن جابر وقال: "هذا حديث غريب"، وابن جرير في التفسير (١١/ ٥٨٢) عن ابن عمر، أقول: وهو حديث حسن. (٢) في هامش أ: بيان هل يدخل الجنة أم لا؟. (٣) في المطبوع: لعموم القرآن، ولعموم قوله تعالى. (٤) في صحيحه (٣٢٩٦) في بدء الخلق. (٥) كذا في الأصول، وفي المطبوع: سلَّطه.

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