Year Three after the Hijrah
At the very beginning of this year the Najd campaign took place, also known as the Expedition of Dhū Amr.
Ibn Isḥāq reports: When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned from the expedition of al-Suwaiq, he remained in Madinah for the rest of Dhū al-Ḥijjah—or close to that—and then marched toward Najd targeting the tribe of Ghatafān; this was the Expedition of Dhū Amr.
Ibn Hishām adds that he appointed ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān to govern Madinah in his absence.
Ibn Isḥāq continues: The Prophet stayed in Najd for the whole of Ṣafar—or nearly so—then returned without encountering any opposition.
Al-Wāqidī relates: News reached the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that a force from Ghatafān—men of Banū Thaʿlabah ibn Muḥārib—had assembled at Dhū Amr intending to fight him. He therefore set out from Madinah on Thursday, twelve nights into Rabīʿ al-Awwal of the third year, leaving ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān in charge of the city. He remained away for eleven days, accompanied by four hundred and fifty men. The Bedouins scattered before him to the mountain peaks. When he reached a watering place called Dhū Amr he encamped there. Heavy rain fell, soaking the clothes of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He sat beneath a tree and spread out his garments to dry, all within sight of the idolaters. While the Muslims were occupied with their own affairs, the polytheists sent one of their bravest men—named either Ghawrath ibn al-Hārith or Duʿthūr ibn al-Hārith—saying to him, “Allah has now given you the chance to kill Muhammad.”
The man advanced with a gleaming sword until he stood over the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, brandishing it and said, “Muhammad, who will protect you from me today?”
He replied, “Allah.” At that, Gabriel struck him in the chest, the sword fell from his hand, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, picked it up and said, “And who will protect you from me?”
The man answered, “No one. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. By Allah, I shall never again raise a force against you.” The Prophet then returned his sword to him. When he went back to his companions they exclaimed, “Woe to you! What happened?”
He said, “I saw a tall man strike me in the chest, and I fell flat on my back. I realized he was an angel. I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and by Allah I shall never gather troops against him.” Thereafter he began calling his people to Islam.
They say that it was concerning this incident that Allah revealed: “O you who believe…” (al-Māʾidah 5:11).