Among those who died that year were the fourteen martyrs of Badr—some from the Emigrants, others from the Helpers—whose names have already been listed, together with the leaders of Quraysh’s idolaters, who numbered seventy according to the most common report.

A short time after the battle Abū Lahab, ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib—may Allah curse him—also passed away, as previously mentioned. When Zayd ibn Ḥārithah and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥah brought the good news to the believers in Madinah of what Allah had done to the idolaters and of the victory He granted the Muslims, they found that Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), had died and been laid in her grave. Her husband, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, had remained behind to nurse her by order of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). For that reason he was allotted a share of the Badr spoils and will have his recompense with Allah on the Day of Resurrection. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then gave him Ruqayyah’s sister, Umm Kulthūm, in marriage; hence ʿUthmān came to be known as “the Possessor of the Two Lights.” It was said that no one else ever closed his door upon two daughters of a prophet in succession. May Allah be pleased with him and grant him contentment.

During that same year the qiblah was changed, as has been noted, and the resident prayer was increased to its present number of units. In that year the fast of Ramaḍān was made obligatory, as was the zakāh on specified thresholds and the zakāt al-fiṭr.

That year also witnessed the submission of Madinah’s remaining idolaters and its Jewish clans—Banū Qaynuqāʿ, Banū al-Naḍīr, Banū Qurayẓah, the Jews of Banū Ḥārithah, and others who entered into alliances with the Muslims. Many polytheists and Jews outwardly embraced Islam while inwardly remaining hypocrites: some persisted in their original stance, whereas others became entirely disengaged and were left wavering—belonging neither to these nor to those—just as Allah describes them in His Book.

Ibn Jarīr states that in this year the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote down the protective invocations (al-maʿāqil), which were then hung from his sword.

He also reports that it is said al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī was born that year.

Al-Wāqidī, however, narrates—through Ibn Abī Sabrah, from Isḥāq ibn ʿAbd Allāh, from Abū Jaʿfar—that ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib consummated his marriage with Fāṭimah in Dhū al-Ḥijjah of that same year. If this report is sound, the earlier opinion would be invalid.