Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (4/98)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Likewise, this view has been transmitted from Abu Hurayrah, Ibn Masʿūd, Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, ʿAṭāʾ, al-Ḥasan, Qatādah, and al-Aʿmash, and it is the position preferred by Ibn Jarīr.

The soundness of this opinion is supported by the report authentically recorded in the two Ṣaḥīḥs, from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) declared:

“I have been given five things that no prophet before me was granted: I have been aided by awe so that the enemy fears me from the distance of a month’s journey; the earth has been made a place of prayer and a means of purification for me; war-booty has been made lawful for me, whereas it was not lawful for anyone before me; I have been granted intercession; and every prophet was sent only to his own people, whereas I have been sent to all mankind.”

Al-Aʿmash also related—from Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Abū Hurayrah—that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Booty was not made lawful for anyone with black hair except for us.”

For this reason Allah, Exalted is He, says, “So consume what you have taken as booty—lawful and wholesome” (Q 8:69). Thus Allah permitted the consumption of war-booty and the ransoming of captives.

Abū Dāwūd narrated: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Mubārak al-ʿAyshī told us, Sufyān ibn Ḥabīb told us, Shuʿbah told us, from Abū al-ʿAnbas, from Abū al-Shaʿthāʾ, from Ibn ʿAbbās, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) fixed the ransom for the polytheists captured at Badr at four hundred dirhams. This was the least sum for which any of them was ransomed, while the highest sum reached four thousand dirhams.

Moreover, Allah promised those captives who came to faith that He would replace for them—in this world and the Hereafter—what had been taken, saying: “O Prophet, say to those captives who are in your hands: If Allah knows any good in your hearts, He will grant you better than what was taken from you and will forgive you” (Q 8:70).

Al-Wālibī reported from Ibn ʿAbbās that the verse was revealed about al-ʿAbbās, who ransomed himself with forty uqiyyahs of gold. Al-ʿAbbās said, “After that, Allah granted me forty slaves—each one trading on my behalf—and I hope for the forgiveness that Allah, majestic is His praise, has promised.”

Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maʿbad narrated to me, from some of his relatives, from Ibn ʿAbbās

(1) See al-Tabari’s Tafsīr, vol. 10, pp. 44–46. (2) Reported by al-Bukhārī (Nos. 335, 438, 3122, in abridged form) and by Muslim (No. 521). (3) Reported by al-Tirmidhī (No. 3085), who graded it hasan sahih (good and sound); it appears exactly as he recorded it. (4) In manuscripts A and T it reads “al-Absi.” The emendation is based on Sunan Abī Dāwūd; cf. Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, vol. 17, p. 382. (5) Reported by Abū Dāwūd (No. 2691); it is a sahīh (authentic) ḥadīth, omitting the phrase “arba‘mī’ah” (four hundred). (6) Also recorded by al-Tabarī in his Tafsīr, vol. 10, p. 49. (7) Narrated by al-Fasawī in al-Ma‘rifah wa-al-Tārīkh, 1:506; by al-Tabarī in his Tārīkh, 2:463; and by al-Bayhaqī in Dalā’il al-Nubuwwah, 3:141. (8) In manuscripts A and T it reads “maghfal”; the correction is drawn from the margin of T, Tarīkh al-Tabarī, and Dalā’il al-Nubuwwah. See also Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, vol. 14, p. 219.

وهكذا روي عن أبي هريرة، وابن مسعودٍ، وسعيد بن جبيرٍ، وعطاءٍ، والحسن، وقتادة، والأعمش، واختاره ابن جريرٍ (١) . وقد ترجّح هذا القول بما ثبت في "الصحيحين" (٢) عن جابر بن عبد اللَّه قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ : "أعطيت خمسًا لم يعطهنّ أحدٌ من الأنبياء قبلي؛ نصرت بالرّعب مسيرة شهرٍ، وجعلت لي الأرض مسجدًا وطهورًا، وأحلّت لي الغنائم ولم تحل لأحدٍ قبلي، وأعطيت الشّفاعة، وكان النّبيّ يبعث إلى قومه، وبعثت إلى النّاس عامّةً" . وروى الأعمش، عن أبي صالحٍ، عن أبي هريرة، عن النبيّ ﷺ : "لم تحلّ الغنائم لسود الرّؤوس غيرنا" (٣) . ولهذا قال تعالى: ﴿فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾، فأذن اللَّه تعالى في أكل الغنائم، وفداء الأسارى. وقد قال أبو داود: حدَّثنا عبد الرحمن بن المبارك العيشيّ (٤) ، ثنا سفيان بن حبيبٍ، ثنا شعبة، عن أبي العنبس، عن أبي الشّعثاء، عن ابن عباسٍ، أن رسول اللَّه ﷺ جعل فداء أهل الجاهلية يوم بدرٍ أربعمئة (٥) . وهذا كان أقل ما فودي به أحدٌ منهم من المال، وأكثر ما فودي به الرجل منهم أربعة آلاف درهمٍ. وقد وعد اللَّه من آمن منهم بالخلف عما أخذ منه في الدنيا والآخرة، فقال تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِمَنْ فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَى إِنْ يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ خَيْرًا يُؤْتِكُمْ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ﴾ الآية [الأنفال: ٧٠] . وقال الوالبيّ (٦) ، عن ابن عباسٍ: نزلت في العباس، ففادى نفسه بالأربعين أوقيّةً من ذهبٍ. قال العباس: فآتاني اللَّه أربعين عبدًا -يعني كلّهم يتّجر له- قال: وأنا أرجو المغفرة التي وعدنا اللَّه، جلّ ثناؤه. وقال ابن إسحاق (٧) : حدّثني العباس بن عبد اللَّه بن معبدٍ (٨) ، عن بعض أهله، عن ابن عباسٍ،

(١) انظر "تفسير الطبري" (١٠/ ٤٤ - ٤٦). (٢) رواه البخاري (٣٣٥) و (٤٣٨) و (٣١٢٢) مختصرًا، ومسلم (٥٢١). (٣) رواه الترمذي (٣٠٨٥) وقال: حسن صحيح، وهو كما قال. (٤) في (أ) و (ط): "العبسي". والتصحيح من "سنن أبي داود" وانظر "تهذيب الكمال" (١٧/ ٣٨٢). (٥) رواه أبو داود (٢٦٩١)، وهو حديث صحيح دون جملة "أربعمئة". (٦) ورواه الطبري في "تفسيره" (١٠/ ٤٩). (٧) ورواه الفسوي في "المعرفة والتاريخ" (١/ ٥٠٦) والطبري في "تاريخه" (٢/ ٤٦٣) والبيهقي في "دلائل النبوة" (٣/ ١٤١). (٨) في (أ) و (ط): "مغفل" والتصحيح من هامش (ط) و"تاريخ الطبري" و"دلائل النبوة". وانظر "تهذيب الكمال" (١٤/ ٢١٩).