Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ pointed to the ground and said, “Tomorrow this is where so-and-so will fall,” placing his hand here and there upon the earth. Not one of those he named was found outside the very spot the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had indicated.

Muslim likewise recorded this report—from Abū Bakr, through ʿAffān—with a similar wording.

Ibn Abī Ḥātim, in his Tafsīr, and Ibn Mardawayh (the wording is his) also transmitted—through ʿAbd Allāh ibn Lahīʿah, from Yazīd ibn Abī Ḥabīb, from Aslam, from Abū ʿImrān—that he heard Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī say:
“We were in Madinah when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ‘I have been informed that Abū Sufyān’s caravan is on its way. Would you like to go out to intercept it, in hope that Allah will grant us its spoils?’ We replied, ‘Yes.’

“So he set out and we went with him. After we had marched for a day or two he asked, ‘What do you think about the enemy? They have been informed of your departure.’

“We answered, ‘By Allah, we have no strength to fight that host; we had only set out for the caravan.’ He asked again, ‘What do you say about fighting the enemy?’ and we repeated the same.

“Then al-Miqdād ibn ʿAmr spoke up: ‘By no means shall we say to you, O Messenger of Allah, what the people of Moses said to Moses: Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we will remain here.’

“We, the Anṣār, later wished we had said what al-Miqdād had said; it would have been dearer to us than possessing great wealth.

“Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed to His Messenger: ‘Just as your Lord brought you out of your home in truth, though a party of the believers were reluctant…’ (al-Anfāl 8:5).” He mentioned the rest of the ḥadīth.

Ibn Mardawayh also reported—through Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAlqamah ibn Waqāṣ al-Laythī, from his father, from his grandfather—that:
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for Badr, and when he reached al-Rawḥāʾ he addressed the people, saying, ‘How do you see [the matter]?’

“Abū Bakr said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, we have been told that they are thus-and-so.’

“He then addressed the people again: ‘How do you see [the matter]?’ ʿUmar replied in words similar to Abū Bakr’s.

“He addressed them a third time: ‘How do you see [the matter]?’

“Saʿd ibn Muʿādh said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, it is us you mean. By Him who honored you and sent down the Book to you, I have never travelled this route before, nor do I know it. Yet if you were to march until you reached Bark al-Ghimād in the land of Yemen, we would march with you. We would not be like those who said to Moses: Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we will sit here. Rather, go, you and your Lord, and fight—we are with you, ready to follow. Perhaps you departed intending one thing and Allah has ordained something else for you. So look to what Allah has newly ordained for you and proceed with it: bind ties with whom you will, sever ties with whom you will; befriend whom you will, make peace with whom you will; and take from our wealth whatever you will.’

“The Qur’an was then revealed confirming Saʿd’s words: ‘Just as your Lord brought you out of your home in truth, though a party of the believers were reluctant…,’ and the following verses.”

(1) Narrated by Muslim (Sahih Muslim no. 1779). (2) Al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, vol. 3, p. 163, attributes it to Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Marduwaih; see also Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, vol. 3, p. 555. Its isnad includes Ibn Lahi’a, and there is additional commentary. (3) Ibn Abi Shaybah, al-Musannaf no. 18507, via Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Alqama; also cited in his Tafsir, vol. 3, p. 555, with the isnad of Ibn Marduwaih. Al-Suyuti (al-Durr al-Manthur, 3/163) likewise attributes it to Ibn Abi Shaybah and Ibn Marduwaih. Its narrator Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Alqama ibn Waqas al-Laythi is regarded as saduq with hasan hadith, though his father Amr ibn Alqama is unknown (see Tahrir al-Taqrib).
رسول اللَّه ﷺ : "هذا مصرع فلان غدًا" . يضعَ يده على الأرض هاهنا وهاهنا. فما أماط أحدهم عن موضع يد رسول اللَّه ﷺ . ورواه مسلمٌ (١) ، عن أبي بكرٍ، عن عفّان به نحوه. وقد روى ابن أبي حاتمٍ في "تفسيره" ، وابن مردويه (٢) ، واللفظ له، من طريق عبد اللَّه بن لهيعة، عن يزيد بن أبي حبيبٍ، عن أسلم، عن أبي عمران، أنّه سمع أبا أيوب الأنصاريّ يقول: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ ونحن بالمدينة: "إنّي أخبرت عن عير أبي سفيان أنّها مقبلةٌ، فهل لكم أن نخرج قِبَل هذه العير، لعلّ اللَّه يغنمناها؟ " . فقلنا: نعم. فخرج وخرجنا، فلمّا سرنا يومًا أو يومين، قال لنا: "ما ترون في القوم، فإنّهم قد أخبروا بمخرجكم؟ " . فقلنا: لا واللَّه، ما لنا طاقةٌ بقتال القوم، ولكنّا أردنا العير. ثم قال: "ما ترون في قتال القوم؟ " . فقلنا مثل ذلك. فقال المقداد بن عمروٍ: إذًا لا نقول لك يا رسول اللَّه كما قال قوم موسى لموسى: اذهب أنت وربّك فقاتلا إنا هاهنا قاعدون. قال: فتمنّينا معشر الأنصار لو أنّا قلنا مثل ما قال المقداد، أحبّ إلينا من أن يكون لنا مالٌ عظيمٌ. قال: فأنزل اللَّه، – Exalté soit-Il – ، على رسوله: ﴿كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ﴾ [الأنفال: ٥] . وذكر تمام الحديث. وروى ابن مردويه أيضًا (٣) ، من طريق محمد بن عمروٍ بن علقمة بن وقّاصٍ اللّيثيّ، عن أبيه، عن جدّه، قال: خرج رسول اللَّه ﷺ إلى بدرٍ، حتى إذا كان بالرّوحاء، خطب الناس فقال: "كيف ترون؟ " . فقال أبو بكرٍ: يا رسول اللَّه، بلغنا أنّهم بكذا وكذا. قال: ثم خطب الناس فقال: "كيف ترون؟ " . فقال عمر مثل قول أبي بكرٍ، ثم خطب الناس فقال: "كيف ترون؟ " . فقال سعد بن معاذٍ: يا رسول اللَّه، إيّانا تريد، فوالّذي أكرمك وأنزل عليك الكتاب ما سلكتها قطّ، ولا لي بها علمٌ، ولئن سرت حتى تأتي بِرك الغماد من ذي يمنٍ، لنسيرنّ معك، ولا نكون كالذين قالوا لموسى: اذهب أنت وربّك فقاتلا إنا هاهنا قاعدون، ولكن اذهب أنت وربّك فقاتلا إنّا معكم متّبعون، ولعلّك أن تكون خرجت لأمرٍ وأحدث اللَّه إليك غيره، فانظر الذي أحدث اللَّه إليك فامض له، فصل حبال من شئت، واقطع حبال من شئت، وعاد من شئت، وسالم من شئت، وخذ من أموالنا ما شئت. فنزل القرآن على قول سعدٍ: ﴿كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ﴾ الآيات.
(١) رواه مسلم (١٧٧٩). (٢) ذكره السيوطي في "الدر المنثور" (٣/ ١٦٣)، وعزاه لابن أبي حاتم، وابن مردويه. وانظر "تفسير ابن كثير" (٣/ ٥٥٥) وفي سنده ابن لهيعة، وفيه كلام. (٣) وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة في "المصنف" (١٨٥٠٧)، من طريق محمد بن عمرو بن علقمة به، وذكره المصنف في "التفسير" (٣/ ٥٥٥) بسند ابن مردويه. والسيوطي في "الدر المنثور" (٣/ ١٦٣)، وعزاه إلى ابن أبي شيبة وابن مردويه، وفي سنده محمد بن عمرو بن علقمة بن وقاص الليثي، وهو صدوق له حسن الحديث، على أن والده عمرو بن علقمة مجهول، كما هو مبين في "تحرير التقريب".

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