Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Ibn Isḥāq said (1):

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then set out, having already sent the two scouts ahead. When he came to al-Ṣafrāʾ—a village situated between two mountains—he asked about the mountains’ names. They answered, “One is called Muslaḥ and the other Mukhraʾ.” He also inquired about the inhabitants and was told, “Banū al-Nār and Banū Ḥarrāq, two clans of Ghifār.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked those names—as well as the idea of passing between them—taking them as an ill omen. He therefore left both the mountains and al-Ṣafrāʾ to his left, turned to the right, and followed a valley called Dhafran. He crossed it and halted there.

News reached him that Quraysh had marched out to protect their caravan. He consulted the people and informed them of Quraysh’s movements. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq stood and spoke well; then ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb rose and spoke well. Next, al-Miqdād ibn ʿAmr stood up and said:

“O Messenger of Allah, proceed to what Allah has shown you, for we are with you. By Allah, we shall not say to you as the Children of Israel said to Moses: ‘Go, you and your Lord, and fight; we will remain here.’ Rather, go—you and your Lord—and fight, for we will fight alongside you both. By the One who sent you with the truth, were you to march us to Bark al-Ghimād (2), we would fight beside you until you reached it.”

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ praised him and invoked good for him.

He then said, “Advise me, O people!”—meaning the Anṣār, for they were the majority. When they had pledged allegiance to him at al-ʿAqabah they had said, “O Messenger of Allah, we are not bound to your protection until you arrive in our land; once you reach us, you are under our care, and we will defend you as we defend our children and wives.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ therefore feared that the Anṣār might think they were obliged to support him only against an aggressor who attacked Madinah, not to march with him against an enemy outside their territory.

When he asked, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh replied, “By Allah, it is as though you are referring to us, O Messenger of Allah.”

He said, “Indeed.”

Saʿd said, “We have believed in you, affirmed your truthfulness, and testified that what you have brought is the truth. We have given you our pledges and covenants to hear and obey. So proceed, O Messenger of Allah, to whatever you wish; we are with you. By Him who sent you with the truth, if you were to lead us to the sea and plunge into it, we would plunge with you—none of us would hold back. We do not dislike that you should march us against our enemy tomorrow. We are patient in battle, steadfast at the moment of encounter. Perhaps Allah will show you from us what will delight your eyes. March on, then, with Allah’s blessing.”

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased by Saʿd’s words and his spirits were lifted. He then said, “Advance and rejoice, for Allah has promised me one of the two parties. By Allah, it is as though I can now see the places where the enemy will fall.”

That is how Ibn Isḥāq narrated it (3).

It has supporting reports from many routes, among them the narration recorded by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ (4): “Abū Nuʿaym related to us …”

(1) See Ibn Hishām, Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (vol. 1, p. 614). The word “bihi,” enclosed here in brackets, is a later interpolation. (2) Barak al-Ghamād: a locale five nights’ journey beyond Mecca toward the sea; some say it is a town at the far end of Yemen, others that it lies on the outskirts of Ḥijr. See al-Ma‘jam al-Buldān (1/589) and al-Rawḍ al-Mi‘ṭār fī Khabar al-Aqṭār by al-Ḥumayrī, ed. Iḥsān ʿAbbās, p. 86. Al-Suhaylī, in al-Rawḍ al-Anf (2/65), also notes that some tafsīr works mention it as a city in Abyssinia. (3) For full details, consult Ibn al-Qayyim, Zad al-Ma‘ād (vol. 3, pp. 154–155), ed. Shuaib al-Arna’ūt and ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Arna’ūt, Dar al-Risālah, Beirut. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (no. 3952).
قال ابن إسحاق، (رحمه الله) (١) : ثم ارتحل رسول اللَّه ﷺ وقد قدّمهما، فلمّا استقبل الصّفراء، وهي قريةٌ بين جبلين، سأل عن جبليها: ما أسماؤهما؟ فقالوا: يقال لأحدهما: مُسلحٌ. وللآخر: مُخرئٌ، وسأل عن أهلهما، فقيل: بنو النار، وبنو حراقٍ، بطنان من غفارٍ. فكرههما رسول اللَّه ﷺ والمرور بينهما، وتفاءل بأسمائهما وأسماء أهلهما، فتركهما والصّفراء بيسارٍ، وسلك ذات اليمين، على وادٍ يقال له: ذفران، فجزع فيه ثم نزل، وأتاه الخبر عن قريشٍ ومسيرهم ليمنعوا عيرهم، فاستشار الناس وأخبرهم عن قريشٍ، فقام أبو بكرٍ الصدّيق فقال وأحسن، ثم قام عمر بن الخطاب فقال وأحسن، ثم قام المقداد بن عمرٍو فقال: يا رسول اللَّه، امض لما أراك اللَّه فنحن معك، واللَّه لا نقول لك كما قال بنو إسرائيل لموسى: اذهب أنت وربّك فقاتلا إنا ههنا قاعدون، ولكن اذهب أنت ورثك فقاتلا إنّا معكما مقاتلون، فوالّذي بعثك بالحقّ لو سرت بنا إلى بِرك الغُماد (٢) ، لجالدنا معك من دونه حتى تبلغه. فقال له رسول اللَّه ﷺ خيرًا ودعا له [به] . ثم قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ : "أشيروا عليّ أيّها الناس" . وإنّما يريد الأنصار، وذلك أنّهم كانوا عدد الناس، وأنّهم حين بايعوه بالعقبة قالوا: يا رسول اللَّه، إنّا برآء من ذمامك حتى تصل إلى ديارنا، فإذا وصلت إلينا، فأنت في ذمّتنا، نمنعك ممّا نمنع منه أبناءنا ونساءنا. فكان رسول اللَّه ﷺ يتخوّف أن لا تكون الأنصار ترى عليها نصره، إلّا ممّن دهمه بالمدينة من عدوّه، وأن ليس عليهم أن يسير بهم إلى عدوٍّ من بلادهم. فلمّا قال ذلك رسول اللَّه ﷺ قال له سعد بن معاذٍ: واللَّه لكأنّك تريدنا يارسول اللَّه. قال: "أجل" . قال: فقد آمنا بك، وصدّقناك، وشهدنا أنّ ما جئت به هو الحقّ، وأعطيناك على ذلك عهودنا ومواثيقنا على السمع والطَّاعة لك، فامض يا رسول اللَّه لما أردت فنحن معك، فوالذي بعثك بالحقّ، لو استعرضت بنا البحر فخضته لخضناه معك، ما تخلّف منا رجلٌ واحدٌ، وما نكره أن تلقى بنا عدوّنا غدًا، إنّا لصبُر في الحرب، صدُقٌ عند اللقاء، لعلّ اللَّه يريك منا ما تقرّ به عينك، فسر على بركة اللَّه. قال: فسرّ رسول اللَّه ﷺ بقول سعدٍ ونشطه، ثم قال: "سيروا وأبشروا، فإنّ اللَّه قد وعدني إحدى الطائفتين، واللَّه لكأنّي الآن أنظر إلى مصارع القوم" . هكذا ذكره ابن إسحاق، (رحمه الله) (٣) . وله شواهد من وجوهٍ كثيرةٍ، فمن ذلك ما رواه البخاريّ في "صحيحه" (٤) : حدّثنا أبو نعيمٍ، حدّثنا
(١) انظر "السيرة النبوية" لابن هشام (١/ ٦١٤) ولفظ "به" الذي بين الحاصرتين مستدرك منها. (٢) برك الغماد: موضع وراء مكة بخمس ليال مما يلي البحر، وقيل: بلد بأقصى اليمن، وقيل: هو في أقاصي هجر، انظر "معجم البلدان" (١/ ٥٨٩) و"الروض المعطار في خبر الأقطار" للحميري ص (٨٦) بتحقيق الأستاذ الدكتور إحسان عباس. وقال السهيلي في "الروض الأنف" (٢/ ٦٥): "وجدت في بعض كتب التفسير أنها مدينة بالحبشة". (٣) ولتمام الفائدة راجع "زاد المعاد" لابن القيم (٣/ ١٥٤ - ١٥٥) بتحقيق الشيخين الفاضلين شعيب الأرناؤوط وعبد القادر الأرناؤوط، طبع مؤسسة الرسالة ببيروت. (٤) رواه البخاري (٣٩٥٢).

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