and the earth, and He knows what you conceal and what you disclose. God—there is no deity but Him, the Lord of the Mighty Throne. (al-Naml 27:25–26)

The Exalted also says:
“Have you not seen that to Allah prostrate all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth—the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the animals, and many human beings? Yet many are those upon whom punishment is due. Whomever Allah humiliates, none can honor; Allah indeed does whatever He wills.” (al-Hajj 22:18)

And He says:
“Have they not considered the things Allah has created, how their shadows incline to the right and to the left, prostrating to Allah in utter humility? To Allah bows down whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth of living creatures, and so do the angels; they do not behave proudly. They fear their Lord above them and do what they are commanded.” (al-Nahl 16:48–50)

He likewise says:
“To Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and so do their shadows in the mornings and in the evenings.” (ar-Ra‘d 13:15)

And He says:
“The seven heavens, the earth, and all who are in them glorify Him; there is nothing that does not exalt Him with praise, but you do not understand their glorification. He is indeed Ever-Forbearing, All-Forgiving.” (al-Isrā’ 17:44)

[There are very many verses on this topic.] (1)

Because the noblest observable bodies in the heavens and on earth are the stars—and the most splendid in appearance and most worthy of reflection among them are the sun and the moon—Abraham (the Friend of the Merciful) used them to demonstrate the falsity of ascribing divinity to any of them. Allah the Exalted says:
“When night fell over him he saw a star and said, ‘This is my Lord.’ But when it set he said, ‘I do not love those that set.’ (76) Then, when he saw the moon rising, he said, ‘This is my Lord.’ But when it set he said, ‘If my Lord does not guide me I shall surely be among the people who go astray.’ (77) Then, when he saw the sun rising, he said, ‘This is my Lord; this is greater!’ But when it set he said, ‘My people, I am innocent of what you associate with God. (78) I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth, in pure devotion, and I am not one of the polytheists.’” (al-An‘ām 6:76-79)

Thus he demonstrated, by decisive rational proof, that none of these visible bodies—the stars, the sun, or the moon—is fit to be a deity. All of them are created and owned, governed and subjugated in their courses; they do not deviate (2) from the purpose for which they were created, nor swerve (3) from it except according to an explicit (4) and precise measure that never falters or varies. This proves that they are the work of One who rules over them and compels them.

For that reason the Exalted says:
“Among His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun or to the moon, but prostrate to Allah who created them, if it is truly Him that you worship.” (Fussilat 41:37)

It is likewise established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs, in the prayer for an eclipse, from the ḥadīth of Ibn ‘Umar (5), Ibn ‘Abbās (6), ʿĀʾishah (7), and others among the Companions (8), that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said in his sermon on that occasion:
“The sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah; they are not eclipsed on account of the death or life of anyone.”