In the two Ṣaḥīḥs (1) it is related through al-Zuhrī, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: “ʿĀshūrāʾ used to be observed as a fast; but once the obligation of Ramadan was revealed, whoever wished could fast and whoever wished could break his fast.”

Al-Bukhārī (2) likewise narrated it from Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn Masʿūd. A fuller discussion of this appears elsewhere in the Tafsīr (3) and in al-Aḥkām al-Kabīr—and Allah’s help is sought.

Ibn Jarīr (4) said: In this year the people were instructed to give Zakāt al-Fiṭr. It is also said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed the people one or two days before ʿĪd al-Fiṭr and commanded them to do so.

He continued: In that year the Prophet ﷺ performed the ʿĪd prayer, leading the people out to the prayer ground; it was the first ʿĪd prayer he offered. They went before him carrying a spear that belonged to al-Zubayr—a gift to him from the Negus—and it would be carried ahead of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on feast days.

I say: In this same year, according to several later scholars, the Zakāt on specific niṣāb amounts was also made obligatory. The details of this will be given, Allah willing, shortly after the account of the Battle of Badr. In Him we place our trust and reliance; there is no power and no might except with Allah, the Most High, the Most Great.

The Great Battle of Badr—the Day of Criterion, the day the two hosts met (5)

Allah, exalted is He, says (6): “Allah certainly aided you at Badr when you were few; so be mindful of Allah that you may be grateful.” (Āl ʿImrān 3:123)

And He, Most High, says (7): “Just as your Lord brought you out from your home in truth, though a party of the believers were reluctant—(5) disputing with you about the truth after it had become clear, as though they were being driven toward death while they looked on—(6) and when Allah promised you that one of the two parties would be yours, and you wished that the one without arms would fall to you, yet Allah willed to establish the truth by His words and to cut off the very roots of the disbelievers—(7) so that He might establish the truth and obliterate falsehood, even though they detested it…” (al-Anfāl 8:5-8).