Ibn ʿAbbās (1) said regarding the verse, “except that We might see who would follow the Messenger from those who would turn back on their heels, even though it was indeed burdensome,” that although this momentous affair—lofty in rank and grave in magnitude—was heavy, it was burdensome “only to those whom Allah has guided,” meaning to those who believe in it and affirm it without doubt or hesitation. Rather, they are pleased and submissive; they believe and act, for they are servants of the Supreme Ruler—All-Powerful, Omnipotent, Forbearing, All-Aware, Subtle, and All-Knowing.
His statement (2), “Allah would never waste your faith,” refers to His legislation that you once faced Jerusalem and prayed toward it. “Indeed Allah is Most Kind and Merciful to mankind” (al-Baqarah 2:143).
The ḥadiths and reports on this subject are exceedingly numerous; a full treatment would be lengthy. They are set out in detail in the Tafsīr (3), and we shall add further clarification in our work al-Aḥkām al-Kabīr (4).
Imām Aḥmad (5) relates: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim narrated to us, Ḥuṣayn ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us, from ʿUmar (6) ibn Qays, from Muḥammad ibn al-Ashʿath, from ʿĀʾishah who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ—speaking of the People of the Book—said, “They have never envied us for anything as much as they envy us for Friday, to which Allah guided us while they went astray; for the qiblah to which Allah guided us while they went astray; and for our saying behind the imām, ‘Āmīn.’”
Section: The obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan in the second year, before the Battle of Badr (9)
Ibn Jarīr (10) said: In this same year the fast of Ramadan was enjoined.
It is also said that it was prescribed in Shaʿbān of that year. He further related (11) that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, he found the Jews fasting on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. He asked them about it, and they replied, “It is the day on which Allah saved Moses.” He said, “We have a greater right to Moses [than you],” so he fasted that day and ordered the people to do likewise.