Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Ibn ʿAbbās (1) said regarding the verse, “except that We might see who would follow the Messenger from those who would turn back on their heels, even though it was indeed burdensome,” that although this momentous affair—lofty in rank and grave in magnitude—was heavy, it was burdensome “only to those whom Allah has guided,” meaning to those who believe in it and affirm it without doubt or hesitation. Rather, they are pleased and submissive; they believe and act, for they are servants of the Supreme Ruler—All-Powerful, Omnipotent, Forbearing, All-Aware, Subtle, and All-Knowing.

His statement (2), “Allah would never waste your faith,” refers to His legislation that you once faced Jerusalem and prayed toward it. “Indeed Allah is Most Kind and Merciful to mankind” (al-Baqarah 2:143).

The ḥadiths and reports on this subject are exceedingly numerous; a full treatment would be lengthy. They are set out in detail in the Tafsīr (3), and we shall add further clarification in our work al-Aḥkām al-Kabīr (4).

Imām Aḥmad (5) relates: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim narrated to us, Ḥuṣayn ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us, from ʿUmar (6) ibn Qays, from Muḥammad ibn al-Ashʿath, from ʿĀʾishah who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ—speaking of the People of the Book—said, “They have never envied us for anything as much as they envy us for Friday, to which Allah guided us while they went astray; for the qiblah to which Allah guided us while they went astray; and for our saying behind the imām, ‘Āmīn.’”

Section: The obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan in the second year, before the Battle of Badr (9)

Ibn Jarīr (10) said: In this same year the fast of Ramadan was enjoined.

It is also said that it was prescribed in Shaʿbān of that year. He further related (11) that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, he found the Jews fasting on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. He asked them about it, and they replied, “It is the day on which Allah saved Moses.” He said, “We have a greater right to Moses [than you],” so he fasted that day and ordered the people to do likewise.

(1) See Tafsir al-Tabari (Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Tabarī), vol. 2, pp. 13–14; and Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Qurṭubī), vol. 2, p. 156. (2) See the author’s Tafsir, vol. 1, p. 278. (3) See the author’s Tafsir, vol. 1, pp. 273–280. (4) I wrote: “This is one of the works he did not complete (may Allah have mercy on him).” Ibn al-ʿImād al-Ḥanbalī, Shadharat al-Dhahab (in my edition), vol. 8, p. 399, when enumerating his works, states: “He embarked on numerous comprehensive legal treatises, issuing several volumes, including one on Hajj.” (5) Narrated by Aḥmad in al-Musnad, vol. 6, pp. 134–135; it is an authentic hadith. (6) In the A and Ṭ manuscripts it reads “Amr.” The corrected reading follows Musnad al-Imam Aḥmad. See Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, vol. 2, p. 484. (7) In A it reads “ilayha”; the reading confirmed by Ṭ is the correct one. (8) The word “anha” is omitted in Ṭ. (9) See Shadharat al-Dhahab, edited by myself (Dar Ibn Kathīr), vol. 1, p. 114. (10) See Tārīkh al-Tabarī, vol. 2, p. 417. (11) See Tārīkh al-Tabarī, vol. 2, p. 417.
قال ابن عباس (١) : إلّا لنرى ﴿مَنْ يَتَّبِعُ الرَّسُولَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقَلِبُ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَبِيرَةً﴾ أي: وإن كانت هذه الكائنة العظيمة الموقعِ كبيرة المحلّ شديدة الأمر ﴿إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ﴾ أي؛ فهم مؤمنون بها مصدّقون لها، لا يشكّون ولا يرتابون بل يرضون ويسلِّمون، ويؤمنون، ويعملون؛ لأنّهم عبيد للحاكم العظيم القادر المقتدر الحليم الخبير اللطيف العليم. وقوله (٢) : ﴿وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيمَانَكُمْ﴾ أي: بشرعته استقبال بيت المقدس والصلاة إليه. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ﴾ [البقرة: ١٤٣] . والأحاديث والآثار في هذا كثيرة جدًّا يطول استقصاؤها، وذلك مبسوط في "التفسير" (٣) ، وسنزيد ذلك بيانًا في كتابنا "الأحكام الكبير" (٤) . وقد روى الإمام أحمد (٥) : حدّثنا عليّ بن عاصم، حدّثنا حصين بن عبد الرحمن، عن عمر (٦) بن قيس، عن محمد بن الأشعث، عن عائشة قالت: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ يعني في أهل الكتاب-: "إنّهم لم يحسدونا على شيءٍ كما يحسدوننا على يوم الجمعة الّتي هدانا اللَّه لها (٧) وضلُّوا عنها (٨) ، وعلى القبلة الّتي هدانا اللَّه لها وضلُّوا عنها، وعلى قولنا خلف الإمام: آمين" . فصل في فرضية صوم شهر رمضان سنة ثنتين قبل وقعة بدر (٩) قال ابن جرير (١٠) : وفي هذه السنة فرض شهر رمضان. وقد قيل: إنه فرض في شعبان منها. ثم حكى (١١) أنّ رسول اللَّه ﷺ حين قدم المدينة وجد اليهود يصومون يوم عاشوراء، فسألهم عنه، فقالوا: هذا يومٌ نجّى اللَّه فيه موسى، فقال: "نحن أحقّ بموسى [منكم] " فصامه، وأمر الناس
(١) انظر "تفسير الطبري" (٢/ ١٣ - ١٤) و"تفسير القرطبي" (٢/ ١٥٦). (٢) انظر "التفسير" للمؤلف (١/ ٢٧٨). (٣) انظر "التفسير" للمؤلف (١/ ٢٧٣ - ٢٨٠). (٤) قلت: وهو مما لم يتمه (رحمه الله) . قال ابن العماد الحنبلي في "شذرات الذهب" (٨/ ٣٩٩) بتحقيقي عند تعداد مؤلفاته: "وشرع في أحكام كثيرة حافلة كتب منها مجلدات إلى الحج". (٥) رواه أحمد في "المسند" (٦/ ١٣٤ - ١٣٥) وهو حديث صحيح. (٦) في (أ) و (ط): "عمرو". والتصحيح من "مسند الإمام أحمد". وانظر "تهذيب الكمال" (٢/ ٤٨٤). (٧) في (أ): "إليها" والمثبت من (ط). (٨) لفظ: "عنها" سقط من (ط). (٩) انظر "شذرات الذهب" (١/ ١١٤) بتحقيقي، طبع دار ابن كثير. (١٠) انظر "تاريخ الطبري" (٢/ ٤١٧). (١١) انظر "تاريخ الطبري" (٢/ ٤١٧).

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies