Eclipses bear witness to this and require it. When the sun continues on its course until it reaches the midpoint—roughly midnight in temperate latitudes, when it lies between the southern and northern poles—it is then farthest from the Throne, for the outer face of the universe is vaulted; that is the place suited to its prostration. Conversely, at the moment of midday on our side it is nearest to the Throne. Once it has reached its place of prostration, it asks the Lord, exalted is He, for leave to rise from the east. Permission is granted, and it appears from the eastern horizon, though it is reluctant to shine upon the disobedient children of Adam. Umayya ibn Abī al-Ṣalt said:
“She refuses, nor does she show herself upon her course
Except as one chastised, except as one scourged.”
When the time comes for Allah to will its rising from the west, the sun prostrates as usual and seeks leave to rise in its habitual direction, but leave is refused. It prostrates again, seeks permission once more, and again it is denied. That night grows long—as we have mentioned in the Tafsīr—so it cries, “My Lord! Dawn is near, yet the distance is great.” It is told, “Return by the way you came,” and it rises from the west. When people see it, they all believe, and that is the meaning of His words: “Faith will not benefit a soul that had not believed before or had earned no good through its faith” (al-Anʿām 6:158).
They explain His saying, “And the sun runs on to its appointed resting-place” (Yā Sīn 36:38) in several ways: some say it refers to the moment it will be commanded to rise from the west; others, to the spot beneath the Throne where it prostrates; still others, to the limit of its course at the end of the world. Ibn ʿAbbās read the verse as “the sun runs with no resting-place for it,” meaning that it never comes to rest, prostrating while still in motion.
Thus the Most High says: “It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day; each one swims along in an orbit” (Yā Sīn 36:40)—that is, the sun never overtakes the moon to rise during its dominion, nor does the night precede the day so as to leave it behind. When night departs, day follows immediately after it; when day departs, night follows close upon it. He likewise says: “He wraps the night over the day, chasing it swiftly, and He has subjected the sun, the moon, and the stars—each subservient to His command. Truly His is the creation and the command; blessed is Allah, Lord of all the worlds” (al-Aʿrāf 7:54).
And He says: “It is He who has made the night and the day succeed one another for whoever desires to take heed or desires to show gratitude” (al-Furqān 25:62)—each succeeds the other. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When night approaches from this side and the sun has set …”