• Muhammad ﷺ stipulates that no one may obstruct the rightful pursuit of vengeance for a wound. Whoever commits treachery does so only against himself—unless he has been wronged—and Allah is the Guarantor of what follows.
• The Jews shall bear their own expenses and the Muslims theirs. Between them is mutual support against anyone who wages war on the people of this document.
• They owe each other sincerity, good counsel, and righteousness, never sin. No man shall incur guilt on account of his ally, and help is due to the one who is wronged.
• [The Jews shall contribute to war-expenses together with the believers as long as they remain at war.]
• The interior of Yathrib is inviolable for the people of this document.
• A neighbor is like one’s very self: he is neither to be harmed nor to commit harm. No sanctuary may be granted except with the permission of its people.
• Any incident or dispute that arises among the signatories and is feared to cause corruption shall be referred to Allah and to Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. Allah stands surety for the most God-fearing and just provisions contained herein.
• No protection is to be extended to Quraysh or to anyone who supports them. Mutual assistance is incumbent upon the parties against whoever launches a sudden attack on Yathrib.
• If they are called to a treaty of peace, they must accept it and abide by it; and if they are likewise invited, they enjoy the same right vis-à-vis the believers—except those who fight over religion. Every group is responsible for the sector that faces it.
• This document shall not shield a wrongdoer or a sinner. Whoever goes out is safe, and whoever remains is safe in Madinah, except one who commits oppression or sin. Allah is the Protector of whoever acts righteously and fears Him.
Ibn Isḥāq transmitted the document in similar wording. Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām (d. 224 AH) discussed it at length in Kitāb al-Gharīb and elsewhere, in passages too long to cite here.
Section: The Prophet’s ﷺ Establishment of Brotherhood between the Emigrants and the Helpers, so that the Emigrant might benefit from the Helper
As Allah Most High says:
“Those who settled in the city and embraced the faith before them love those who migrated to them; they find no desire in their hearts for what the latter are given, but give them preference over themselves, even though they themselves are in hardship. Whoever is saved from the stinginess of his own soul—it is they who will prosper.” [al-Hashr 9]
And He says:
“And those with whom you have made covenants, give them their due; surely Allah is Witness over all things.” [al-Nisāʾ 33]