Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah - Ibn Kathir - (3/487)

Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

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When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out from Qubāʾ, mounted on his she-camel al-Qaṣwāʾ—on a Friday—the time of the sun’s zenith overtook him while he was in the quarter of Banū Sālim ibn ʿAwf. He therefore led the Muslims in the Friday Prayer there, in a valley called Wādī Rānūnāʾ. This was the first Jumuʿah the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed with the believers in Madinah—indeed, the first at all, for, Allah knows best, he and his Companions in Mecca had never been able to gather openly to establish a Friday service with a sermon and public admonition, owing to the fierce opposition and persecution of the idolaters.

The Prophet’s Sermon on that Day

Ibn Jarīr related: Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā narrated to us, Ibn Wahb informed us, and Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jumaḥī conveyed that he had learned of the Prophet’s sermon ﷺ on the first Friday he prayed in Madinah, in the dwellings of Banū Sālim ibn ʿAwf:

“All praise is due to Allah. I praise Him, seek His help, ask His forgiveness, and request His guidance. I believe in Him and do not disbelieve in Him; I declare enmity toward those who reject Him. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. He sent him with guidance, the religion of truth, light, and admonition after a pause in the coming of messengers, scant knowledge, widespread misguidance among people, a break in time, the approach of the Hour, and the nearness of the appointed term.

Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has been rightly guided; whoever disobeys them has strayed, fallen short, and wandered far astray.

I counsel you to fear Allah, for the best advice a Muslim can give his brother is to urge him toward the Hereafter and command him to fear Allah. So beware of what Allah has warned you about concerning Himself; no counsel is better than that, no remembrance more beneficial.

Piety is for the one who practices it with awe and fear; it is a true aid for what you seek of the Hereafter. Whoever rectifies what is between himself and Allah, in private and in public, seeking only the Countenance of Allah, will have praise in this world and a treasure stored for him after death, when a person will be in utmost need of what he has sent ahead. As for anything else, he will wish that there were a great distance between him and it. Allah warns you about Himself, and Allah is Gentle with His servants. His word is true, His promise fulfilled—there is no change to it—for He, exalted is He, says:

‘The word I speak is not subject to change, and I am not unjust to the servants.’ (Qāf 50:29)

So be mindful of Allah in your immediate and distant affairs, in secret and in public, for He says:

‘Whoever fears Allah, He will erase his misdeeds and grant him a tremendous reward.’ (At-Ṭalāq 65:5)

Whoever fears Allah has indeed attained a mighty triumph. Truly, the fear of Allah shields one from His wrath, His punishment, and His displeasure; the fear of Allah brightens the face, pleases the Lord, and elevates

(1) In the Ṭarānawāʾ edition: “ranwānāʾ.” This is a scribal error; the reading confirmed by the margin of manuscript Ḥ and by al-Muʻjam al-Buldān (vol. 3, p. 19) follows the morphological pattern of ʿāshūrāʾ and khābūrāʾ. (2) In his History (vol. 2, p. 394). (3) In the edition: “ʿan,” whereas in al-Ṭabarī’s text it reads “ḥaddathanī.” (4) In manuscript Ḥ: “wanajaz,” as also in some of al-Ṭabarī’s copies. (5) In al-Ṭabarī’s text: “al-wujūh.”

[فصل] ولما ارتحل (عليه السلام) من قُباء وهو راكبٌ ناقته القَصْواء، وذلك يوم الجمعة أدركه وقت الزوال وهو في دار بني سالم بن عوف، فصلَّى بالمسلمين الجُمعةَ هنالك، في وادٍ يقالُ له وادي رانُوناء (١) ، فكانت أولَ جمعةٍ صلاها رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ بالمسلمين بالمدينة، أو مطلقًا لأنه واللَّه أعلم لم يكن يتمكَّن هو وأصحابه بمكَّة من الاجتماع حتى يُقيموا بها جمعةً ذات خطبةٍ وإعلان بموعظة، وما ذاك إلا لشدَّة مخالفةِ المشركين له، وأذيَّتهم إياه. ذكر خطبة رسول اللَّه ﷺ يومئذ قال ابن جرير (٢) : حدَّثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى، أخبرنا ابنُ وهب، حدثنا (٣) سعيدُ بن عبد الرحمن الجُمَحي أنه بلغه عن خطبة النبيِّ ﷺ في أولِ جمعةٍ صلاها بالمدينة في بني سالم بن عوف (رضي الله عنها) : "الحمد للَّه أحمده وأستعينُه، وأستغفره وأستهديه، وأومن به ولا أكفُره، وأعادي مَنْ يكفره، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا اللَّه وحدَهُ لا شريكَ له، وأنَّ محمدًا عبدُه ورسولُه، أرسله بالهدى ودينِ الحقِّ والنورِ والموعظة على فترةٍ من الرُّسل، وقلَّةٍ من العلم، وضلالةٍ من الناس، وانقطاعٍ من الزمان، ودنوٍّ من الساعة، وقُرْبٍ من الأجل؛ مَنْ يطعِ اللَّهَ ورسولَه فقد رَشَد؛ ومن يعصِهما فقد غَوَى وفرَّط، وضلَّ ضلالًا بعيدًا، وأوصيكم بتقوى اللَّه، فإنه خيرُ ما أوصى به المسلمُ المسلمَ أن يحُضَّه على الآخرة. وأن يأمرَهُ بتقوى اللَّه. فاحذروا ما حذَّركم اللَّهُ من نفسِه. ولا أفضل من ذلك نصيحة، ولا أفضل من ذلك ذكرى. وإنه تقوى لمن عَمِل به على وَجَلٍ ومَخَافة، وعون صدق على ما تَبْغُونَ من أمرِ الآخرة، ومَنْ يُصلح الذي بينَهُ وبين اللَّه من أمر السرِّ والعلانية، لا ينوي بذلك إلا وَجْهَ اللَّه يكن له ذِكرًا في عاجلِ أمره وذُخْرًا فيما بعد الموت، حين يفتقر المرءُ إلى ما قدَّم، وما كان من سوى ذلك يودُّ لو أنَّ بينه وبينه أمدًا بعيدًا، ويحذِّركُم اللَّه نفسَه واللَّه رؤوفٌ بالعباد. والذي صدَّق قوله، وأنجز (٤) وعده، لا خُلْفَ لذلك، فإنَّهُ يقولُ تعالى: ﴿مَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا بِظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ﴾ [ق: ٢٩] واتقوا اللَّه في عاجل أمرِكم وآجلِه، في السِّرِّ والعلانية، فإنَّه ﴿وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا﴾ [الطلاق: ٥] ، ومن يتَّقِ اللَّهَ فقد فازَ فَوْزًا عَظيمًا؛ وإنَّ تقوى اللَّه تُوَقِّي مَقْتَه، وتوقِّي عُقوبتَه، وتوقِّي سُخْطَه؛ وإنَّ تقوى اللَّه تُبَيِّضُ الوجه (٥) ، وتُرْضي الربّ، وترفع

(١) في ط: رانواناء. تصحيف، والمثبت من هامش ح ومعجم البلدان (٣/ ١٩) وقال فيه: بوزن عاشوراء وخابوراء. (٢) في تاريخه (٢/ ٣٩٤). (٣) في ط: عن وفي الطبري: حدثني. (٤) في ح: ونجز، وكذا في بعض نسخ الطبري. (٥) في الطبري: الوجوه.