Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

She was accustomed to feed wayfarers and give them drink. The travelers therefore asked her whether she had any meat or milk they might buy, but found that she had none.

She answered, “Had we possessed anything, you would not have lacked hospitality; yet the people are destitute and this is a hard, barren year.”

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ noticed a ewe standing in the corner of her tent and said,

“What is this ewe, O Umm Maʿbad?”

She replied, “A sheep so weakened by hardship that it was left behind by the flock.”

He asked, “Does she have any milk?”

She said, “She is far too exhausted for that.”

He said, “Will you permit me to milk her?”

She answered, “If you are able to milk her, then do so.”

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought the ewe forward, passed his hand over her while invoking the name of Allah, then stroked her udder, again mentioning the name of Allah. He called for a vessel large enough to satisfy the company (1). The ewe spread her legs, milk flowed freely, and she began to chew the cud (2). He milked until the vessel brimmed and foam rose to the top (3). He gave her to drink, then his companions, and they drank in turn, cup after cup, until their thirst was quenched.

When all had finished, he drank last of them and said,

“The one who serves a people drinks last.”

He then milked a second time, filling the vessel as before, left it with her, and continued on his way.

The narrator says: It was not long before her husband Abū Maʿbad arrived, driving a few scrawny goats that could scarcely walk from weakness (4); there was no marrow in their bones (5) and very little flesh upon them. When he saw the milk he was astonished and said, “Where did this milk come from, O Umm Maʿbad? There is no milk-animal in the house and the flock is away!”

She replied, “No, by Allah, a blessed man passed by us, and this is what occurred—such and such.”

He said, “Describe him to me, for by Allah I think he is the man of Quraysh whom they are seeking.”

She said, “I saw a man radiant of countenance, fine in manner, handsome of face. He was not disfigured by corpulence (6) nor made contemptible by gauntness (7); perfectly proportioned and comely. His eyes were wide and very dark, his eyelashes long, and his voice deep and resonant (8). The whites of his eyes were bright and the pupils intensely black (9); it was as though kohl lined his eyes. His eyebrows were arched and almost joined. A graceful brightness showed in his neck, and his beard was full. When silent, dignity enveloped him; when he spoke, glory rose about him. His speech was sweet, distinct—neither too brief nor too long—as though his words were pearls smoothly strung together. From afar he was the most striking and beautiful of men, and up close the fairest and loveliest. Of medium stature—an eye would not find him overly tall, nor dismiss him as short. He was like a branch among two branches: the freshest and most pleasing of the three in appearance and the best in form. Companions surrounded him; when he spoke they listened attentively, and when he commanded they hastened to obey. He is honored, well-served, neither sullen nor arrogant.”

Her husband said, meaning himself, “This, by Allah, is the man of Quraysh whom they are seeking. If I were to meet him I would strive to accompany him, and I would spare no effort to find a way to that.”

He continued: “And the next morning a voice…”

(1) “yurbid al-raht”: literally “waters them and burdens them,” meaning it moistens and weighs them down until they fall asleep and lie stretched out on the ground. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (2/184). (2) “tafajja”: from tafajj, the intensive form of tafrīj (separating) applied to the thighs. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (3/412). (3) “thajj”: abundant, fluid milk. In manuscripts H and T the phrase appears as ḥattā malāʾahā ilayhā (“until it filled it for her”), which is a scribal error; the reading confirmed by al-Mustadrak and al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (1/169). Here bahāʾ refers to the milk’s brilliance and wabiṣ to its froth, i.e. its gleam. (4) He meant that she sways from weakness. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (2/425). (5) “an-niqy”: the brain. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir. (6) “athajlah”: large-bellied. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (1/208). (7) “as-saʿlah”: small-headed; also denotes slenderness and emaciation of the body. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir (3/32). (8) “al-waṭf”: length of the eyelash hair. And “aṣ-ṣaḥal”: hoarseness or lack of a sharp voice. al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir. (9) In manuscript T it reads “aḥwāl,” but the reading confirmed by manuscript H is preferred. (10) “lā tashnūhu”: “not to be detested despite its excessive length.” This is the reading of manuscript H, al-Mustadrak, and al-Nihaya by Ibn al-Athir. In al-Fāʾiq (Zamakhsharī, 1/81) it appears as “lā yāʾis min ṭūl” (“one does not despair of length”). In manuscript T it was miscopied as “lā tansāh” (“one does not forget it”), and “taqtaḥimhu” (“you despise it”) is likewise attested in al-Fāʾiq.
فتُطعِمُ وتَسْقي، فسألوها هل عندها لحمٌ أو لبنٌ يشترونه منها؟ فلم يجدوا عندها شيئًا من ذلك. وقالت: لو كان عندنا شيءٌ ما أعوزكم القِرَى؛ وإذا القومُ مُرْمِلُون مُسْنِتُون. فنظر رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ فإذا شاةٌ في كِسْرِ خيمتها فقال: "ما هذه الشاةُ يا أمَّ معبد؟ " فقالت: شاةٌ خلَّفَها الجَهْدُ عن الغَنَم قال: "فهل بها من لبن؟ " قالت: هي أجهدُ من ذلك قال: "تأذنينَ لي أن أحْلِبَها؟ " قالت: إنْ كان بها حَلَبٌ فاحْلبها. فدعا رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ بالشاة، فمسحَها وذكر اسْمَ اللَّه، ومسَحَ ضَرْعَها وذكر اسم اللَّه ودعا بإناءً لها يُرْبِضُ الرَّهْط (١) فتفَاجَّتْ ودَرَّتْ واجْتَرَّتْ (٢) ، فحلب فيه ثجًا حتى عَلاهُ البَهَاءُ (٣) فسقاها وسقى أصحابه، فشربوا عَللًا بعد نَهَل، حتى إذا رَوُوا شرب آخِرهم وقال: "ساقي القومِ آخرهم" . ثم حلب فيه ثانيًا عَوْدًا على بَدْء، فغادره عندها ثم ارتحلوا. قال: فقلَّما لبث حتى جاء زوجُها أبو معبد يسوق أعْنُزًا عِجافًا يتساوَكْنَ هَزْلَى (٤) ، لا نِقْيَ بهنّ (٥) ، مُخُّهنَّ قليل، فلما رأى اللبن عَجب وقال من أين هذا اللبن يا أمَّ معبد ولا حلوبةَ في البيت والشاءُ عازب؟ فقالت: لا واللَّه، إنه مرَّ بنا رجلٌ مبارك، كان من حديثه كيت وكيت. فقال: صِفيه لي، فواللَّه إني لأراهُ صاحبَ قريش الذي تطلب. فقالت: رأيتُ رجلًا ظاهر الوَضَاءة، حَسَن الخلق، مليح الوجه، لم تعبه ثَجْلَة (٦) ، ولم تُزْرِ به صَعْلَة (٧) ، قسيمٌ وسيم، في عينيه دَعَج، وفي أشفاره وَطَف، وفي صوته صَحَل (٨) ، أحْوَرُ (٩) أكحل أزَجُّ أقْرَن، في عُنقه لسَطع وفي لحيته كَثَاثَة. إذا صمَتَ فعليه الوَقَار، وإذا تكلَّم سما وعلاهُ البهاء، حُلْو المَنْطِق، فَصْلٌ لا نَزْرَ -قليل- ولا هَذْرَ -كثير- كأنَّ منطقه خَرَزات نَظْمٍ يَتَحَدَّرْن، أبْهَى الناسِ وأجمله من بعيد، وأحسنه من قريب؛ رَبْعَة، لا تَشْنَؤُه (١٠) عينٌ من طول، ولا تقتحمُه عينٌ من قِصَر، غُصْنٌ بين غُصنَيْنِ، فهو أنْضَرُ الثلاثةِ منظرًا، وأحسنهم قدًّا، له رُفقاء يَحُفُّون به، إنْ قال أنصتوا لقوله، وإنْ أمَرَ تبادروا لأمره. مَحْفُودٌ مَحْشُود، لا عابِسٌ ولا معتد فقال -يعني بعلُها-: هذا واللَّه صاحبُ قريش الذي تطلب، ولو صادفتُه لالتمستُ أنْ أصحبه، ولأجْهَدَنّ إنْ وجدتُ إلى ذلك سبيلًا. قال: وأصبح صوتٌ
(١) "يُرْبض الرهط": أي يُرويهم ويُثْقِلُهم حتى يناموا ويمتدوا على الأرض. النهاية لابن الأثير (٢/ ١٨٤). (٢) "تفجَّت": من التفاجّ وهو المبالغة في تفريج ما بين الرجلين. النهاية لابن الأثير (٣/ ٤١٢). (٣) "الثجّ": اللبن السائل الكثير. ووقع في ح، ط: حتى ملأه إليها. وهو تصحيف، والمثبت من المستدرك والنهاية لابن الأثير (١/ ١٦٩) وفيه: أراد بَهَاء اللبن، وهو وَبيص رغوته أي بريقها. (٤) أراد أنها تتمايل من ضعفها. النهاية لابن الأثير (٢/ ٤٢٥). (٥) "النِّقْيِ": المخِ. النهاية لابن الأثير. (٦) "الثَّجْلة": ضِخمُ البطن. النهاية لابن الأثير (١/ ٢٠٨). (٧) "الصَّعْلَة": صِغَرُ الرأس؛ وهي أيضًا الدقَّة والنحول في البدن. النهاية لابن الأثير (٣/ ٣٢). (٨) "الوَطَف": طول شعر الأجفان. والصَّحَل: كالبُحَّة وألا يكون حادَّ الصوت. النهاية لابن الأثير. (٩) في ط: أحول، والمثبت من ح. (١٠) "لا تشنؤه": أي لا يُبغَض لفرط طوله. هذه رواية ح والمستدرك والنهاية لابن الأثير. وفي الفائق للزمخشري (١/ ٨١): لا يائس من طول. وفي ط: لا تنساه. تصحيف. وتقتحمه: تزدريه كما في الفائق.

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