Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Hardship weighed heavily upon the Muslims and the trial became extreme, until Quraysh gathered in their plot, resolved to kill the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—openly. When Abū Ṭālib saw what they were planning, he summoned the sons of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, ordering them to bring the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—into their mountain pass and to shield him from those who sought his life. They all complied—believers and unbelievers alike—some out of tribal zeal, others out of faith and certainty.

When Quraysh realized that his clan had taken the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—under their protection and were united in that stance, the idol-worshippers of Quraysh convened and agreed that they would neither sit with them, nor trade with them, nor enter their homes until they surrendered the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—to be killed. In furtherance of their scheme they drafted a document—pledges and covenants—declaring that they would never accept reconciliation from Banū Hāshim, nor show them any compassion, until they handed him over for execution.

The Banū Hāshim remained in their ravine for three years, the affliction and hardship growing ever more severe. Quraysh cut them off from the markets: no food was allowed to enter Mecca, nor any goods to be sold, without Quraysh seizing them first, all in order to hasten the shedding of the Messenger of Allah’s—peace and blessings be upon him—blood. Each night, when the people had taken to their beds, Abū Ṭālib would have the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—lie down on his own mattress so that anyone plotting to attack him would think he was there. Once the people had fallen asleep, he would instruct one of his sons, brothers, or cousins to take the Prophet’s place, and direct the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—to sleep on one of their beds instead.

At the outset of the third year, some men from Banū ʿAbd Manāf and [Banū] Quṣayy, together with other Qurashīs whose mothers were from Banū Hāshim, reproached one another. Realizing that they had severed ties of kinship and shown contempt for the truth, they resolved that very night to annul the perfidious pact and disavow it. Allah then sent a termite upon their scroll, and it consumed everything in it of covenant and pledge.

It is said that the document had been hung from the roof of the Kaʿbah; the creature left no name of Allah in it without devouring it, while whatever pertained to idolatry, injustice, or the severing of kinship remained intact. Allah informed His Messenger of what had happened to their scroll, and the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—told Abū Ṭālib.

Abū Ṭālib said, “No, by the piercing stars, he has not lied to me.” He then set out with a band of the sons of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib until they reached the Mosque, which was packed with Quraysh. When the latter saw them coming toward their assembly they were taken aback, thinking that, overwhelmed by hardship, they had come to hand over the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him.

Abū Ṭālib spoke: “Matters have arisen between you and us that we have not yet mentioned to you. Bring your scroll on which you pledged yourselves; perhaps there may be reconciliation between us and you.” He said this only lest they inspect the document before bringing it. They fetched their scroll, proud of it, never doubting that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—

(1) In T: wa-jama‘at; this reading is corroborated by H and by the Dalail. (2) Likewise in H, T, and in al-Bayhaqī’s Dalail. (3) In the Dalail: bah. (4) As in all the Uṣūl and the Dalail, the nominative -n is omitted, reflecting idiomatic usage. (5) The addition comes from the Dalail. (6) “al-arda”: duwaybah, a worm that eats (licks) wood and similar materials. al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit (s.v. arada). (7) In H: al-thabit, confirmed by T and the Dalail; and thawaqib, plural of thawqib, meaning a luminous star or one that rises among the stars. al-Lisan (s.v. thawqib).
المسلمين الجهد، واشتدَّ عليهم البلاء واجتمعمت (١) قريشٌ في مكْرها أنْ يقتلوا رسولَ الله ﷺ علانيةً. فلما رأى أبو طالب عملَ القوم جمع بني عبد المطلب وأمرهم أنْ يُدْخِلوا رسولَ الله ﷺ شِعْبَهُمْ، وأمرهم أنْ يمنعوه ممن أرادوا قتله. فاجتمع على ذلك مسلمُهم وكافرُهم، فمنهم من فعله حميَّةً، ومنهم من فعله إيمانًا ويقينًا؛ فلما عرفتْ قريش أنَّ القوم قد منعوا رسول الله ﷺ ، وأجمعوا على ذلك اجتمع المشركون من قريش فأجمعوا أمرهم أن لا يجالسوهم ولا يبايعوهم ولا يدخلوا بيوتهم حتى يُسلموا رسولَ الله ﷺ للقَتْل، وكتبوا في مكْرهم صحيفةً وعهودًا ومواثيق، لا يقبلوا (٢) من بني هاشم صُلْحًا أبدًا، ولا تأخذهم بهم (٣) رأفة حتى يسلموه للقتل. فلبث بنو هاشم في شِعْبهم ثلاثَ سنين، واشتدَّ عليهم البلاءُ والجهد، وقطعوا عنهم الأسواق، فلا يتركوا (٤) لهم طعامًا يقدم مكة، ولا بيعًا إلا بادروهم إليه فاشترَوْه يريدون بذلك أنْ يدركوا سفكَ دمِ رسول الله ﷺ ؛ فكان أبو طالب إذا أخذ الناسُ مضاجعَهم أمر رسولَ الله ﷺ فاضطجع على فراشِه حتى يرى ذلك من أراد به مكرًا واغتيالًا له، فإذا نامَ الناسُ أمر أحدَ بنيه أو إخوته أو بني عمه فاضطجعوا على فراش رسولِ الله ﷺ وأمر رسولَ الله ﷺ أنْ يأتيَ بعضَ فُرشِهم فينامَ عليه؛ فلما كان رأس ثلاثِ سنين تلاوم رجالٌ من بني عبد مناف ومن [بني] (٥) قصي، ورجالٌ سواهم من قريش قد ولدَتْهم نساءٌ من بني هاشم، ورأوا أنهم قد قطعوا الرَّحِم واستخفُّوْا بالحق، واجتمع أمرُهم من ليلتهم على نقض ما تعاهدوا عليه من الغَدْر والبراءةِ منه، وبعث الله على صحيفتهم الأرَضَة (٦) فلَحِسَتْ كلَّ ما كان فيها من عهدٍ وميثاق. ويقال: كانتْ معلَّقةً في سقف البيت، فلم تتركِ اسمًا لله فيها إلا لَحِسَتْه، وبقي ما كان فيها من شِرْكٍ أو ظلم أو قطيعة رحم؛ وأطلع اللهُ – Exalté soit-Il – رسولَهُ على الذي صنع بصحيفتهم، فذكر ذلك رسولُ الله ﷺ لأبي طالب. فقال أبو طالب: لا والثواقب (٧) ما كذبني. فانطلق يمشي بعصابةٍ من بني عبد المطلب حتى أتى المسجدَ وهو حافلٌ من قريش، فلما رأوهم عامدين لجماعتهم أنكروا ذلك، وظنُّوا أنهم خرجوا من شدَّة البلاء، فأتَوْهم ليعطوهم رسول الله ﷺ . فتكلم أبو طالب فقال: قد حدَثتْ أمورٌ بينكم لم نذكُرْها لكم، فأْتُوا بصحيفتِكم التي تعاهدْتُم عليها فلعلَّه أن يكونَ بيننا وبينكم صُلْح. وإنما قال ذلك خشيةَ أنْ ينظروا في الصحيفة قبل أنْ يأتوا بها. فأتَوْا بصحيفتهم معجَبينَ بها، لا يشكُّون أنَّ رسولَ الله ﷺ
(١) في ط: وجمعت، والمثبت من ح والدلائل. (٢) كذا في ح، ط ودلائل البيهقي. (٣) في الدلائل: به. (٤) كذا في جميع الأصول والدلائل بحذف نون الرفع، وهي لغة. (٥) الزيادة من الدلائل. (٦) "الأرضة": دويبة، أو دودة تأكل (تلحس) الخشب ونحوه. المعجم الوسيط (أرض). (٧) في ح: الثوابت، والمثبت من ط والدلائل؛ والثواقب: جمع ثاقب، وهو النجم المضيء، أو ما ارتفع من النجوم. اللسان (ثقب).

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