[Narrated] in Marw: Ḥammād ibn Aḥmad told us, Muḥammad ibn Ḥumayd told us, Salamah ibn al-Faḍl told us, from Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, who said:
The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—sent ʿAmr ibn Umayyah al-Ḍamarī to the Negus concerning Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib and his companions, and he dispatched with him a letter that read:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
From Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah, to the Negus al-Aṣḥam, King of Abyssinia.
Peace be upon you. I praise before you Allah—the Sovereign, the All-Holy, the Faithful, the Protector—and I testify that Jesus is the Spirit of Allah and His Word which He cast into Mary the chaste, virtuous virgin. She conceived Jesus, and He created him from His Spirit and His breath, just as He created Adam with His own hand and His breath.
I call you to Allah alone, without partner, and to loyalty in obeying Him. Follow me, believe in me and in what has been sent to me, for I am the Messenger of Allah. I have sent to you my cousin Jaʿfar together with a group of Muslims; when they reach you, grant them lodging and abandon haughtiness, for I summon you and your troops to Allah. I have conveyed the message and offered sincere counsel, so accept my advice. Peace be upon those who follow guidance.
The Negus wrote back to the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
To Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah, from the Negus al-Aṣḥam ibn Abjar.
Peace be upon you, O Prophet of Allah, and the mercy and blessings of Allah—there is no deity but He, who has guided me to Islam.
Your letter has reached me, O Messenger of Allah, concerning what you said about Jesus. By the Lord of heaven and earth, Jesus is no more than what you have stated. We have understood the mission for which you have been sent to us, and we have received your cousin and his companions with hospitality. I bear witness that you are the truthful and trusted Messenger of Allah. I have pledged allegiance to you and to your cousin, and I have submitted to Allah, Lord of the worlds, at his hands. I am sending to you, O Prophet of Allah, Arīḥā ibn al-Aṣḥam ibn Abjar; I possess authority only over myself, yet if you wish me to come to you I will do so, O Messenger of Allah, for I testify that what you proclaim is the truth.
Section: On the opposition of the clans of Quraysh to Banū Hāshim and Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib in their support of the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—and their mutual pact against them: that they would neither engage in trade with them nor intermarry with them until they surrendered the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him; their confinement of the clan in the valley of Abū Ṭālib for a lengthy period; the wicked and unjust document they inscribed to that effect; and the prophetic signs and proofs of truthfulness that manifested throughout the whole ordeal.