Chapter: The Emigration of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Mecca to Abyssinia, fleeing with their religion from persecution
We have already mentioned (1) the torment the idolaters inflicted on the vulnerable believers—their severe beatings and grievous humiliations—while Allah, Exalted is He, barred them from reaching His Messenger ﷺ and safeguarded him through his uncle Abū Ṭālib, as has been detailed earlier; to Allah belong all praise and grace.
Al-Wāqidī (2) reported that the departure took place in the month of Rajab, in the fifth year after the beginning of the mission; that the first to emigrate were eleven men and four women; that they reached the seashore, some on foot and others mounted; and that they hired a ship for half a dinar to carry them to Abyssinia (4). They were: ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān and his wife Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; Abū Hudhayfah ibn ʿUtbah and his wife Sahlah bint Suhayl; al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām; Muṣʿab ibn ʿUmayr; ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf; Abū Salamah ibn ʿAbd al-Asad and his wife Umm Salamah bint Abī Umayyah; ʿUthmān ibn Maẓʿūn; ʿĀmir ibn Rabīʿah al-ʿAnazī and his wife Laylā bint Abī Ḥathmah; Abū Sabrah ibn Abī Ruhm; Ḥāṭib ibn ʿAmr; Suhayl ibn Bayḍāʾ; and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd—may Allah be pleased with them all.
Ibn Jarīr (5) said: Other authorities maintain that they numbered eighty-two men, not counting their wives and children; as for ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir (6), there is some uncertainty—if he was among them, the total would be eighty-three men.
Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq (7) said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw the affliction that had befallen his Companions, while he himself enjoyed safety by Allah’s favor and the protection of his uncle Abū Ṭālib, and realized that he could not shield them from the persecution they were enduring, he said to them:
“If you were to go to the land of Abyssinia, there is a king there under whose rule no one is wronged; it is a land of truth. Stay there until Allah grants you relief from the hardship you are facing.”
Thereupon the Muslims from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out.