Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

“I shall cry it aloud in their very midst.”

He went out until he reached the mosque and proclaimed at the top of his voice: “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” The people rose up and beat him until they knocked him to the ground.(1)

Al-ʿAbbās came, threw himself over him and said, “Woe to you! Do you not know that he is from Ghifār and that your trade route to Syria passes through their territory?” He thus rescued him from them. The next day he returned and did the same, so they struck him again and rushed at him, and again al-ʿAbbās shielded him.

This is al-Bukhārī’s wording.

His conversion is related in greater detail in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim(2) and elsewhere. Imām Aḥmad(3) said: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us; Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīrah narrated to us; Ḥumayd ibn Hilāl narrated to us from ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ṣāmit, who said that Abū Dharr related:

“We left our people, the tribe of Ghifār—who used to deem the sacred month lawful—my brother Anīs, our mother, and I. We travelled until we lodged with an uncle of ours who possessed wealth and status. Our uncle honoured us and treated us well, but his people envied us and said to him, ‘When you are away from your family, Anīs stays behind with them.’ Our uncle came and repeated to us what had been said.(4)

“I said to him, ‘As for the kindness you have shown in the past, you have now marred it; after today there will be no bond between us.’(5)

“Then we brought our herd(6) close, loaded our belongings upon it and moved on, while our uncle wrapped himself in his cloak and began to weep.

“We continued until we encamped near Mecca.(7) There Anīs wagered our herd and another like it; they went to a soothsayer who ruled in favour of Anīs. He returned to us with our herd and another of the same size.

“O nephew, I had been performing prayer for three years before I met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

“He asked, ‘To whom were you praying?’

“I replied, ‘To Allah.’

“He asked, ‘In which direction did you face?’

“I said, ‘Wherever my Lord directed me.’

“I would perform the night prayer, and when the last part of the night arrived I would lie down as though I were a piece of hide,(9) until the sun rose over me.

“Anīs then said, ‘I have some business in Mecca; let me dismount there and I will return to you.’(10)

He said:

(1) In al-Bukhari: awja’ūhu; all text enclosed in quotation marks is taken from it. (2) Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (no. 2473), “Virtues of the Companions,” chapter: “The Virtues of Abu Dharr.” (3) In his Musnad (vol. 5, p. 174); all text enclosed in quotation marks is from it. (4) In Musnad Aḥmad: fa-nathā ʿalayhi mā qīla lahu; and in al-Nihāya (Nathī/5/16): fa-nathā ʿalaynā al-ladhī qīla lahu — i.e., he disclosed it to us and narrated it to us. (5) I.e., “we have no assembly.” al-Nihāya (Jam‘/1/297). (6) “As-sirma”: a portion of a camel herd—usually ten to twelve animals; others report up to fifty. al-Lisān (sirm). (7) I.e., “near it.” al-ḥaḍrah: the proximity of something; Imam Aḥmad and Muslim use bi-ḥaḍrah. (8) It means: he and another man wagered on which was superior. Each staked a sirm, and the one judged best took both. They then referred the dispute to the soothsayer (kahīn), who ruled that Anīs was superior—hence fakhīyar Anīsan (he chose Anīs), i.e., made him the best. Al-Nawawī explains this in his Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (vol. 16, p. 27). In al-Nihāya (Nafar/5/93): in the ḥadīth of Abū Dharr, “nafar akhī Anīs fulān al-shā‘ir,” and tanāfar al-rajulān: when two men boast and then submit their contest to one arbitrator, i.e., they vie over whose poetry is superior. (9) “Al-khifā’”: clothing; anything that covers another thing. al-Nihāya (khafī/2/57). (10) As found in the Ḥ and Ṭ recensions, and in the Musnad of Aḥmad and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: fa-akfinī.
لأصْرُخَنَّ بها بين ظَهْرَانَيْهم. فخرج حتى أتى المسجد فنادى بأعلى صوته: أشهدُ أنْ لا إله إلا الله وأنَّ محمدًا رسولُ الله، ثم قام [القوم] فضربوه حتى أضجعوه (١) ، فأتى العباس فأكبَّ عليه فقال: وَيْلَكم! ألستم تعلمون أنه من غِفَار، وأنَّ طريق تجارتكم إلى الشام؟ فأنقذه منهم. ثم عاد من الغدِ بمثلها، فضربوه وثاروا إليه، فأكبَّ العباس عليه. هذا لفظ البخاري. وقد جاء إسلامُه مبسوطًا في صحيح مسلم (٢) وغيره، فقال الإمام أحمد (٣) : حدّثنا يزيد بن هارون، حدّثنا سليمان بن المغيرة، حدّثنا حميد بن هلال عن عبد الله بن الصامت، قال أبو ذر: خرجنا من قومنا غفار -وكانوا يُحِلُّونَ الشهرَ الحرام- أنا وأخي أنيس وأُمُّنا، فانطلقنا حتى نزلنا على خالٍ لنا ذي مالٍ وذي هيئة، فأكرمنا خالُنا وأحسن إلينا، فحَسَدنا قومُه، فقالوا له: إنَّك إذا خرجت عن أهلك خَلَفَك إليهم أنيس، فجاء خالنا فَنَثَى ما قيل له (٤) فقلت له: أمَّا ما مضى من معروفك فقد كدَّرْتَه، ولا جِمَاعَ لنا فيما بعد (٥) . قال: فقرَّبْنا صِرْمَتَنا (٦) ، فاحتمَلْنا عليها، وتغَطَّى خالُنا بثَوْبه، وجعل يبكي قال: فانطلَقْنا حتى نزلنا حَضْرَةَ (٧) مكة، قال فنافر أُنَيْسٌ عن صِرْمَتِنا (٨) وعن مثلها فأتيا الكاهن فخيَّر أُنيسًا. فأتانا بصِرْمتنا ومثلِها، وقد صلَّيتُ يا بن أخي قبلَ أنْ ألقى رسولَ الله ﷺ ثلاثَ سنين، قال: قلت: لمن؟ قال: لله، قلت: فأين توجَّهُ؟ قال: حيث وجَّهني الله. قال: وأُصلِّي عشاءً حتى إذا كان من آخر الليل أُلقيتُ كأني خِفَاء (٩) حتى تعلوني الشمس. قال: فقال أُنيس: إنَّ لي حاجةً بمكة فألقني (١٠) حتى آتيك. قال:
(١) في البخاري: أوجعوه. وما بين معقوفين منه. (٢) صحيح مسلم (٢٤٧٣) فضائل الصحابة باب من فضائل أبي ذر ﵁ . (٣) في مسنده (٥/ ١٧٤) وما يأتي بين معقوفين منه. (٤) في مسند أحمد: فنثى عليه ما قيل له، وفي النهاية (نثي/ ٥/ ١٦): فنثى علينا الذي قيل له. أي أظهره إلينا وحدثنا به. (٥) أي: لا اجتماع لنا. النهاية (جمع/ ١/ ٢٩٧). (٦) "الصِّرْمة": القطعة من الإبل، وهي ما بين عشرة إلى بضع عشرة، وقيل: أكثر من ذلك إلى الخمسين اللسان (صرم). (٧) أي بقربها، الحضرة: قرب الشيء، ولفظ الإمام أحمد ومسلم: بحَضْرَة. (٨) معناه: تراهن هو وآخر أيهما أفضل، وكان الرهن صرمة ذا وصرمة ذاك، فأيهما أفضل أخذ الصرمتين، فتحاكما إلى الكاهن فحكم بأن أُنيسًا أفضل وهو معنى قوله فخير أنيسًا أي جعله الخيار والأفضل. قاله النووي في شرح صحيح مسلم (١٦/ ٢٧). وفي النهاية (نفر / ٥/ ٩٣): وفي حديث أبي ذر نافر أخي أنيسٌ فلانًا الشاعر وتنافر الرجلان: إذا تفاخرا ثم حكَّما بينهما واحدًا، أراد أنهما تفاخرا أيهما أجود شعرًا. (٩) "الخِفاء": الكِساء، وكل شيء غطيت به شيئًا فهو خفاء. النهاية (خفي /٢/ ٥٧). (١٠) كذا في ح، ط وفي مسند أحمد وصحيح مسلم: فاكفني.

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