Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

“Gabriel.”

Waraqah said to her, “My niece, who can tell? Perhaps your companion is the very Prophet whom the People of the Scripture are awaiting, the one they find written about in the Torah and the Gospel. By Allah, if he is indeed that man and he proclaims his mission while I am still alive, I shall strive before Allah to obey His Messenger and to aid him well (1), with patience (2) until victory is granted.” Shortly thereafter, Waraqah passed away.

Al-Zuhrī said: Thus Khadijah was the first person to believe in Allah and to affirm His Messenger ﷺ.

After presenting this account, al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī remarked (3): “The splitting of his chest mentioned here may be a reference to what was done to him in his childhood—namely, the splitting of his chest while he was with Ḥalīmah—or it may be that it was split a second time, and yet a third time when he was taken up to the heavens. Allah knows best.”

Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir likewise relates in his biography of Waraqah (4), through his chain to Sulaymān ibn Ṭarkhān al-Taymī: “We have been informed that Allah, exalted is He, sent Muhammad as a Messenger fifty years after the Kaʿbah was built (5). The first distinction with which He honored him in prophethood was a dream he repeatedly saw; he related it to his wife Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, who said, ‘Rejoice! By Allah, Allah will deal with you only in goodness.’

“One day, while he was in Ḥirāʾ—where he would withdraw from his people—Gabriel descended upon him and drew near. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became extremely fearful, whereupon Gabriel placed his hand upon his chest and between his shoulders and said:

‘O Allah, lighten his burden, expand his breast, and purify his heart. O Muhammad, rejoice! You are the Prophet of this community. Recite!’

“The Prophet, trembling with fear, replied,

‘I have never read a book, nor am I able to read or write.’

“Gabriel then seized him in a strong embrace, released him, and said, ‘Recite.’ The Prophet repeated the same reply. Gabriel seated him upon a carpet resembling a durnoqu; its clarity and beauty appeared to him like pearls and rubies, and said:

‘Recite in the name of your Lord who created…’ (Al-ʿAlaq 96:1-5)

“Then he said, ‘Do not fear, O Muhammad. You are the Messenger of Allah.’

“After that he departed, and concern weighed upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said, ‘What shall I do, and what shall I say to my people?’

“He rose, still afraid. Gabriel came toward him from the front in his true form (6), and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ beheld an awe-inspiring sight that filled his heart. Gabriel said,

‘Do not fear, O Muhammad. I am Gabriel, the Messenger of Allah to His prophets and messengers. Be certain of Allah’s favor, for you are the Messenger of Allah.’

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then returned, and no tree or stone he passed failed to bow in prostration and say, ‘Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah.’ His heart was reassured, and he recognized Allah’s honor toward him. When he reached Khadijah she observed the change in his complexion and was alarmed; she rose to him, and as she drew near she began to wipe his face…"

(1) “la-ublīn” is an emphatic form of akhbirann (“I will certainly inform”), derived from the expression ablayta fulānan yaminan (“to swear an oath to someone reassures his heart”). See Lisan al-‘Arab under B-L-W. (2) As in manuscripts H and T and in ad-Dalāʾil: ṣabr is written without the initial lām. (3) ad-Dalāʾil, vol. 2, p. 146. (4) Tārīkh Ibn ‘Asākir, vol. 63, p. 17; the report is weak. (5) If it refers to Quraysh’s rebuilding, this is untenable, for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) witnessed it, as is well known in the sīra; if it refers to its original construction, this is very unlikely. (Bashar) (6) In manuscript T: ṣa‘artahu—a corrupt reading.
جبريلِ. فقال لها ورقة: يا بُنَيَّةَ أخي، ما أدري لعلَّ صاحبَكِ النبيُّ الذي ينتظرُ أهلُ الكتاب، الذي يجدونهُ مكتوبًا عندهم فى التوراةِ والإنجيل، وأُقسمُ باللّه لئن كان إيَّاه، ثم أظهر دعواهُ وأنا حيٌّ لأبْلينَّ اللّهَ في طاعةِ رسوله وحسنِ مؤازرته (١) ، للصبر (٢) والنصر. فمات ورقةُ (رحمه الله) . قال الزهري: فكانت خديجة أولَ مَنْ آمن باللّه وصدَّق رسوله ﷺ . قال الحافظ البيهقي بعد إيرادِهِ ما ذكرنا (٣) ؛ والذي ذُكر فيه من شَقِّ بطنه، يحتمل أن يكونَ حكاية منه لما صُنع به في صباه - يعني شقَّ بطنه عند حليمة - ويحتمل أن يكون شُقَّ مرَّةً أخرى ثم ثالثة حين عُرجَ به إلى السماء. واللّه أعلم. وقد ذكر الحافظُ ابن عساكر في ترجمةِ ورَقَة (٤) بإسناده إلى سليمان بن طَرْخان التَّيْميِّ قال: بلغَنا أنَّ الله تعالى بعث محمدًا رسولًا على رأسِ خمسينَ سنةً من بناءِ الكعبة (٥) ، وكان أول شيء اختصَّهُ به من النبوَّة والكرامة رؤيا كان يراها، فقصَّ ذلك على زوجته خديجةَ بنت خُويلد، فقالت له: أبشرْ، فواللّه لا يفعَلُ اللّهُ بك إلا خيرًا. فبينما هو ذات يوم في حِرَاء، وكان يفرُّ إليه من قومِهِ إذْ نَزَل عليه جِبْريل، فدنا منه، فخافه رسولُ الله ﷺ مخافةً شديدة، فوضع جبريلُ يدَهُ على صدره ومن خلفه بين كتفَيْه. فقال: اللهم احْطُطْ وِزْرَه، واشرَحْ صدره، وطهِّرْ قلبه، يا محمد أبْشِرْ! فإنك نبيُّ هذه الأمة، اقرأْ. فقال له نبيُّ اللَّه وهو خائفٌ يُرْعَد: "ما قرأتُ كتابًا قطُّ ولا أُحْسِنُه، وما أكتبُ وما أقرأ" فأخذه جبريلُ فغتَّةُ غتًا شديدًا، ثم تركه ثم قال له: اقرأْ. فأعادَ عليه مثلَه، فأجلسه على بساطٍ كهيئةِ الدُّرْنُوك، فرأى فيه من صفائِهِ وحسنِه كهيئةِ اللُّؤلُؤِ والياقوت، وقال له: ﴿اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (١) ﴾ الآيات، ثم قال له: لا تخفْ يا محمد، إنَّكَ رسولُ اللَّه. ثم انصرف وأقبل على رسول اللَّه ﷺ همُّه فقال: "كيف أصنعُ وكيف أقولُ لقومي؟ " ثم قام رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ وهو خائف، فأتاه جبريل من أمامِه وهو في صورته (٦) ، فرأى رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ أمرًا عظيمًا ملأ صَدْرَه، فقال له جبريل: لا تخَفْ يا محمد، جبريلُ رسولُ اللَّه، جبريلُ رسولُ اللَّه إلى أنبيائِهِ ورُسُله؛ فأيقنْ بكرامةِ اللَّه، فإنك رسولُ الله ﷺ ، فرجع رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ لا يمرُّ على شجرٍ ولا حجر إلا هو ساجدٌ يقول: السلامُ عليك يا رسولَ اللَّه. فاطمأنَّتْ نفسُه، وعرفَ كرامةَ اللَّه إياه، فلما انتهى إلى زوجته خديجة أبصرتْ ما بوجههِ من تغيُّر لونه، فأفزَعَها ذلك، فقامتْ إليه: فلما دنَتْ منه جعلتْ تمسَحُ عن وجهه
(١) "لأبلين": لأخبرَنَّ، وأصله من قولهم: أبليت فلانًا يمينًا: إذا حلفت له بيمين طيَّبتَ بها نفسه. اللسان (بلو). (٢) كذا في ح، ط وفي الدلائل: الصبر من غير لام. (٣) الدلائل (٢/ ١٤٦). (٤) في تاريخ ابن عساكر (٦٣/ ١٧)، وهو خبر ضعيف. (٥) إن كان يريد بناء قريش فهذا لا يصح لأن رسول الله ﷺ شهدها كما هو معروف في كتب السيرة، وإن كان يريد أول بنائها، فهذا بعيد جدًا (بشار). (٦) في ط: صعرته. تحريف.

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