Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shaybah narrated to us; Minjāb ibn al-Ḥārith (1) narrated to us; ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ajlaḥ narrated to us, from Ibrāhīm, from ʿAlqamah ibn Qays, who said: “The first thing the prophets are given is a vision in sleep, so that their hearts may be calmed; only afterwards does revelation descend.” This statement comes from ʿAlqamah ibn Qays himself. It is a fine observation, supported by what precedes it and by what follows.
His ﷺ age at the time of his commissioning and its chronology
Imām Aḥmad (2) said: Muḥammad ibn Abī ʿAdī narrated to us, from Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, from ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī: “The Messenger of God ﷺ received prophethood when he was forty years old. Isrāfīl was linked to his prophethood for three years, teaching him a word or a matter at a time, while the Qur’an had not yet been revealed. When those three years had passed, Gabriel was joined to his prophethood, and the Qur’an came down upon his tongue over twenty years—ten in Mecca and ten in Madinah. He passed away at the age of sixty-three.”
This chain of transmission is sound up to al-Shaʿbī and indicates that Isrāfīl accompanied him for three years after the age of forty, after which Gabriel came to him. (3)
Shaykh Shihāb al-Dīn Abū Shāmah said: “The report of ʿĀʾishah does not contradict this, for it is possible that the first stage of his experience was the vision, after which Isrāfīl was assigned to him during the period when he would withdraw to Ḥirāʾ. Isrāfīl would quickly convey to him a word or two and then depart, as a gradual introduction and training, until Gabriel came to him and taught him after pressing him three times. ʿĀʾishah therefore related what happened with Gabriel and left out what occurred with Isrāfīl, either for the sake of brevity or because she had not learned of Isrāfīl’s story.”
Imām Aḥmad (4) also said: Yaḥyā narrated to us, from Hishām (5), from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās: “Revelation was sent down upon the Prophet ﷺ …”