Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

Accompanied by a number of Quraysh’s leading men, they reached him in Ṣanʿāʾ and found him in the highest tower of Ghumdān—the very stronghold Umayya ibn Abī al-Ṣalt praised when he recited:

Drink in delight while the crown reclines upon you …
High atop Ghumdān, a dwelling ever yours.

The chamberlain went in, informed the king of their arrival, and he granted them audience. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib stepped forward and asked leave to speak. The king said, “If you are one who addresses kings, we have given you permission.”

ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said:

“God, O king, has set you in an exalted, formidable, and impregnable station, lofty and splendid. He has caused you to spring from a lineage whose stock is pure and whose root is noble, firmly planted, its branches soaring in the noblest land and finest soil. You—may you be spared reproach—are the king of the Arabs, the spring rain by which their lands grow fertile, the head to whom they submit, the pillar on which they lean, the stronghold to which people flee. Your forebears were the best of forebears, and for us you are the best successor to them; he whose ancestors were so illustrious is never forgotten, nor does he perish whose successor is you.

“We, O king, are the people of the Sacred Sanctuary and the custodians of its House. What brought us to you—and filled us with joy—was your removal of the grievous hardship that had weighed upon us. We come, therefore, as a delegation of congratulations, not of lamentation.”

The king asked, “And which of them are you, O speaker?”

He replied, “I am ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim.”

“The son of our sister?” the king said.

“Yes,” he answered.

“Come closer,” the king said, and drew him near. Turning to him and to the others he declared:

“Welcome and welcome again—camel and saddle alike, an easy place to dismount, and a broad-shouldered king who bestows abundant gifts. The king has heard your words, recognized your kinship, and accepted your plea. By night and by day you are honoured: while you stay, hospitality is yours; when you depart, rich gifts await you. Now be escorted to the Hall of Honour prepared for delegations.”

They remained there for a month, unable to gain another audience, nor were they given leave to depart. Then, when he turned his attention to them, he sent for ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, seated him close, dismissed the others, and said:

“O ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, I am about to confide to you some of the secret knowledge I possess—something which, had it been anyone other than you, I would never disclose.”

(1) “Ghamdan”: a palace in Sana'a, built by Lishrah ibn Yahsab; some attribute its construction to Sulayman ibn Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him). In al-Ma'jam al-Buldan (vol. 4, p. 210) there is a description of this palace. (2) The verse appears in the Diwan of Umayya (p. 458). al-muhallal: a poem characterized by frequent hulul (refrain entries) and iqamah (reprises). (3) “jarthuma”: the original form, as is “aruma.” See Lisan al-Arab s.v. arm; jartham. (4) “Abit al-la’n”: a salutation used by the pre-Islamic Arabs for their kings; literally, “O king, may you never approach anything worthy of being cursed.” See Lisan al-Arab s.v. la’n. (5) In manuscripts H and T it reads “yukhmid,” which is the reading adopted in Hawatif al-Jinan. (6) “al-marza’a”: the calamity. See Lisan al-Arab s.v. raza'. (7) “al-malik al-ribhal”: the munificent one. See Lisan al-Arab s.v. rabhal. In manuscript H the phrase reads “marhaban wa ahlan wa sahlan wa naqa wa rihlan wa mustanakhain wa malikain ribhalain,” a reading also followed by Hawatif al-Jinan and T. (8) “al-hiba’”: giving without favor or recompense. See Lisan al-Arab s.v. habu. (9) In manuscript H it reads “mufawwad,” as does the version in Hawatif al-Jinan.
في أناسٍ من وجوه قريش، فقدِمُوا عليه صنعاء، فإذا هو في رأسِ غُمْدا (١) الذي ذكره أمية بن أبي الصَّلْت: [من الطويل] واشْرَبْ هنيئًا عليكَ التاجُ مرتفقًا … في رأسِ غُمدانَ دارًا منك مِحْلالًا (٢) فدخل عليه الآذن، فأخبره بمكانهم، فأذِن لهم، فدنا عبد المطلب، فاستأذنه في الكلام، فقال له: إنْ كنتَ ممن يتكلَّم بين يدي [الملوك] فقد أذِنَّا لك. فقال له عبد المطلب: إنَّ اللّه قد أحلَّك أيها الملك محلًا رفيعًا، صعبًا منيعًا، شامخًا باذِخًا، وأنبتك مَنْبِتًا طابتْ أَرُومَتُه، وعزَّت جُرْثُومَته (٣) ، وثبت أصله، وبَسَق فَرْعُه في أكرم موطن، وأطيب مَعْدِن، فأنتَ -أبيتَ اللَّعْن (٤) - ملكُ العرب، وربيعها الذي تُخصب به البلاد، ورأس العرب الذي له تنقاد، وعمودها الذي عليه العماد، ومَعْقِلُها الذي يلجأ إليه العباد. سَلَفُكَ خير سلف، وأنت لنا منهم خَيْرُ خَلَف، فلن يَخْمُلَ (٥) مَنْ هم سَلَفُه، ولن يَهْلِكَ من أنت خَلَفُه؛ ونحن أيها الملك أهلُ حَرَم، وَسَدَنَةُ بيته، أشخصنا إليك الذي أبهجنا من كشفك الكَرْبَ الذي فدَحَنا، [فنحن] وَفْدُ التهنئة لا وفد المَرْزِئة (٦) . قال: وأيُّهم أنت أيها المتكلم؟ قال: أنا عبد المطلب بن هاشم. قال: ابن أختنا؟ قال: نعم. قال: ادْنُ. فأدناه، ثم أقبل عليه وعلى القوم فقال: مرحبًا وأهلًا، وناقة ورَحْلًا، ومُستناخًا سهلًا، وَمَلْكًا رِبَحلًا (٧) يُعطي عطاءً جَزْلًا. قد سمع الملك مقالتكم، وعرف قرابتكم، وقبل وسيلتكم، فأنتم أهلُ الليل والنهار، ولكم الكرامةُ ما أقمتم، والحِبَاء (٨) إذا ظعنتم. ثم أُنهضوا إلى دارِ الكرامة والوفود، فأقاموا شهرًا لا يصلون إليه ولا يأذنُ لهم بالانصراف، ثم انتبه لهم انتباهة، فأرسل إلى عبد المطلب فأدنى مجلِسَه وأخلاه ثم قال: يا عبد المطلب، إني مفضٍ (٩) إليك من سِرِّ عِلْمي، ما إنْ لو يكون غيرك
(١) "غمدان": قصر في صنعاء، بناه ليشرح بن يحصب، وقيل: بناه سليمان بن داود (رحمه الله) ، وفي معجم البلدان (٤/ ٢١٠) وصف لهذا القصر. (٢) البيت في ديوان أمية من قصيدة له (ص ٤٥٨) والمحلال: التي يكثر فيها الحلول والإقامة. (٣) "الجرثومة": الأصل، وكذلك الأرومة. اللسان (أرم، جرثم). (٤) "أبيت اللعن": كلمة كانت العرب تحيي بها ملوكها في الجاهلية؛ معناه: أبيت أيها الملك أن تأتي ما تُلعن عليه. اللسان (لعن). (٥) في ح، ط: يخمد، والمثبت من هواتف الجنان. (٦) "المرزئة": المصيبة. اللسان (رزأ). (٧) "الملك الربحل": الكثير العطاء. اللسان (ربحل). وعبارة ح: مرحبًا وأهلًا وَسهلًا وناقة ورحلًا، ومستناخًا وملكًا ربحلًا، والمثبت من هواتف الجنان وط. (٨) "الحِباء": العطاء بلا مَنّ ولا جزاء. اللسان (حبو). (٩) في ح: مفوض، وكذا في هواتف الجنان.

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