Al-Bidayah wa an-NihayahIbn Kathir

“… ‘And He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth, all of it comes from Him.’ (Q 45:13)

He went on to say: Ibn Maʿīn remarked, “Al-Firyābī has never related a ḥadīth more unusual than this.”

I say: Most of the reports just cited are from the Isrāʾīliyyāt. They are neither confirmed nor rejected unless a proof establishes the truth or falsehood of a particular narration. Allah knows best. (1)

Section
Texts concerning the creation of the Throne and the Footstool (2)

Allah, Exalted is He, says:
“Exalted in rank, Possessor of the Throne.” (Q 40:15)

He also says:
“So exalted is Allah, the True Sovereign; there is no deity but Him, Lord of the Noble Throne.” (Q 23:116)

And He says:
“There is no deity but Him, Lord of the Magnificent Throne.” (Q 27:26)

And He says:
“He is the Forgiving, the Loving, Owner of the Glorious Throne.” (Q 85:14–15)

He, the Exalted, says:
“The Most Merciful established Himself above the Throne.” (Q 20:5)

Likewise, in several other verses of the Qur’an He says:
“Then He rose over the Throne.” (3)

He says:
“Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify their Lord with praise, believe in Him, and seek forgiveness for those who believe: ‘Our Lord, You have encompassed all things in mercy and knowledge….’” (Q 40:7)

He says:
“On that Day eight shall bear the Throne of your Lord above them.” (Q 69:17)

And He says:
“You will see the angels surrounding the Throne, glorifying their Lord with praise. Judgment will have been pronounced in truth, and it will be said, ‘All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds.’” (Q 39:75)

In the supplication transmitted in the Ṣaḥīḥ (4), in the prayer for relief from distress, it is said:
“There is no deity but Allah, the Tremendous, the Forbearing; there is no deity….” (5)

(1) An addition in manuscript B; in al-Tabari’s History: ‘He placed His Throne upon it.’ (2) In manuscript B: ‘on the Throne.’ (3) In surah al-A'raf (7:54), Yunus (10:3), ar-Ra'd (13:2), al-Furqan (25:59), as-Sajdah (32:4), and al-Hadid (57:4). (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in his Sahih (nos. 6345, 6346) in the Book of Supplications, chapter ‘Supplication in Distress,’ and (no. 7431) in the Book of Monotheism, chapter on the verse ‘The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him’ (al-Ma'arij 70:4); by Muslim in his Sahih (no. 2730) in the Book of Remembrance and Supplication, chapter ‘Supplication in Distress’; and by Ahmad in his Musnad (1/228)—all from the narration of Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), with slight variant readings. (5) In manuscripts A and B: ‘al-Halim al-Azim’ (the Forbearing, the Great). The printed reading has been retained, as it accords with the hadith wording in Sahih al-Bukhari cited by the author.
فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مِنْهُ﴾ [الجاثية: ١٣] . قال: قال ابن معين: لم يرو الفريابي حديثا أغرب من هذا. قلت: غالب هذه المذكورات من الإسرائيليات الذي لا يصدَّق ولا يكذَّب، إلا ما قام دليل على صدق بعضها أو كذبه. واللَّه أعلم] (١) . * * * فصل فيما ورد في صفة خلق (٢) العرش والكرسي قال اللَّه تعالى: ﴿رَفِيعُ الدَّرَجَاتِ ذُو الْعَرْشِ﴾ [غافر: ١٥] . وقال تعالى: ﴿فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ﴾ [المؤمنون: ١١٦] . وقال اللَّه: ﴿لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ﴾ [النمل: ٢٦] . وقال: ﴿وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (١٤) ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ﴾ [البروج: ١٤ - ١٥] . وقال تعالى: ﴿الرَّحْمَنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوَى﴾ [طه: ٥] . وقال: ﴿ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ﴾ في غير ما آيةٍ (٣) منَ القُرْآنِ. وقال تعالى: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا﴾ [غافر: ٧] . وقال تَعالى: ﴿وَيَحْمِلُ عَرْشَ رَبِّكَ فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَانِيَةٌ﴾ [الحاقة: ١٧] . وقال تعالى: ﴿وَتَرَى الْمَلَائِكَةَ حَافِّينَ مِنْ حَوْلِ الْعَرْشِ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَقِيلَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [الزمر: ٧٥] . وفي الدعاء المروي في "الصحيح" (٤) ، في دعاء الكرب: "لا إلَهَ إلا اللَّه العَظيم الحَليم (٥) لا إلَهَ
(١) زيادة من ب، وفي تاريخ الطبري: فوضع عرشه عليه. (٢) في (ب): في العرش. (٣) في سورة الأعراف: ٥٤، ويونس: ٣، والرعد: ٢، والفرقان: ٥٩، والسجدة: ٤، والحديد: ٤. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في صحيحه (٦٣٤٥) و (٦٣٤٦) في الدعوات، باب: الدعاء عند الكرب، و (٧٤٣١) في التوحيد، باب: قوله تعالى: ﴿تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ﴾ [المعارج: ٤]. وأخرجه مسلم في صحيحه (٢٧٣٠)، في الذكر والدعاء، باب: دعاء الكرب، وأحمد في المسند (١/ ٢٢٨) كلهم من رواية عبد اللَّه بن عباس. (رضي الله عنه) . مع خلاف يسير في اللفظ. (٥) في أ، وب: الحليم العظيم. وأثبت رواية المطبوع، لأنها موافقة لرواية الحديث في صحيح البخاري الذي ينقل منه المصنف.

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