—as well as the hypocrites, the apostates, and the atheists of every stripe.

Allah, Exalted is He, says: “You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day showing affection to those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even if they be their fathers, their sons, their brothers, or their clan.” (Al-Mujādilah 58:22)

He also says, censuring the Children of Israel: “You see many of them taking the disbelievers as allies. How wretched is that which their souls have sent ahead for them—Allah is angry with them, and they will abide forever in the punishment. If they had truly believed in Allah, the Prophet, and what was sent down to him, they would not have taken them as allies; but many of them are rebellious.” (Al-Mā’idah 5:79–80)

Third category: those who are loved from one angle and hated from another, so that both love and enmity converge in their regard. These are the sinful believers—they are loved for the faith they possess and hated for the