al-Ayn HaqqMuhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'ti

The fundamental basis of their doctrine is that they do not affirm the attribute of creation for Allah Most High. They argue: “The universe came into existence, and everything that comes into existence must have a beginningless originator.” The most distinctive characteristic of this beginningless originator, they claim, is His dissimilarity to temporal things and the fact that they do not inhere in Him. From His dissimilarity to temporal things, they infer that He is neither a substance, an accident, nor a body, and that He is neither in a direction nor a place, and so forth.

Thus, they describe Allah as “beginningless” (1), even though this description occurs neither in the Quran nor in the Sunnah, while refraining from describing Him—Glorious and Exalted—as the Creator. All the philosophical terminology they employ—such as substance, accident, and corporeality—is innovated language never used by the Salaf. They have avoided speaking in terms of “created” and “Creator” so that the philosophers cannot charge them with using the very claim under dispute to prove itself! Yet the philosophers respond: “The universe is eternal, and we do not concede that it came into existence.” Thus, as Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad ibn Taymiyya—may Allah have mercy on him—said of the Asharis: “They neither gave victory to Islam nor vanquished the philosophers.” End quote.

They therefore say that burning is brought into existence by an eternal divine power, but do not say that it is a property specific to fire. In other words, Allah’s creation of burning is not understood literally, but only figuratively; otherwise, Allah Most High would be a locus in which temporal occurrences inhere, whereas He is exalted above that. For this reason, they did not regard creation as one of the attributes affirmed for Allah, Glorified be He.

According to them, envy comes into existence when the eye’s sight of the envied person coincides with it, while its being brought into existence occurs through an eternal power! As for our position, it is the position of Ahl al-Sunnah and that of the Salaf: creation is one of

(1) Ibn Abī al-Izz al-Hanafī, commentator on *al-Tahāwiyya*, said: “The scholastic theologians included *al-Qadīm* (the Pre-Eternal) among the names of Allah Most High, but it is not one of His Most Beautiful Names. In the Arabic language in which the Quran was revealed, *qadīm* means something that precedes something else: an old thing is called *qadīm*, while a new thing is called *hadīth*. The Arabs used this term only for something that precedes another, not for that which was never preceded by nonexistence. All the names of Allah Most High are the Most Beautiful Names, whereas this term is not among them. Revelation instead gives Him the name *al-Awwal* (the First), which is better than *al-Qadīm*, because it indicates that everything coming after Him ultimately returns to Him and is subordinate to Him, whereas *al-Qadīm* does not convey this meaning. Allah Most High possesses the Most Beautiful Names.” From *Sharh al-Tahāwiyya*, p. 55.
وأصل مذهب القوم أنهم لا يثبتون صفة الخلق لله تعالى فيقولون الكون حادث وكل حادث فلا بد له من محدث قديم، وأخص صفات هذا القديم مخالفته للحوادث وعدم حلولها فيه ومن مخالفته للحوادث إثبات أنه ليس جوهراً ولا عرضاً ولا جسماً ولا في جهة ولا مكان .. الخ فهم يصفون الله بأنه قديم (١) مع كون هذا لم يرد لا فى الكتاب ولا فى السنة. ويعدلون عن وصفه بالخالق جل وعلا وكل ما استخدموه من كلام الفلاسفة من الجوهر والعرض والجسمية .. كل هذا مبتدع ما تكلم به السلف وقد فروا من قولهم مخلوق وخالق حتى لا يلزمهم الفلاسفة بأنهم استدلوا بالدعوى على نفسها! ! ومع هذا فالفلاسفة يقولون: الكون قديم ولا نسلم أنه حادث، فالأشاعرة كما قال شيخ الإسلام أحمد بن تيمية ﵀: لا للإسلام نصروا ولا للفلاسفة كسروا. اهـ فهم يقولون بأن الحرق يُخلق بقدرة ربانية قديمة. ولا يقولون هو من خصائص النار يعني خلق الله للحرق ليس على الحقيقة وإنما على المجاز. وإلا كان الله تعالى محلاً للحوادث، وهو تعالى منزه عن ذلك. ولذلك لم يجعلوا الخلق من الصفات المثبتة لله سبحانه. فالحسد عندهم يوجد عند اقتران رؤية العين للمحسود وإيجاده حصل بقدرة قديمة! ! أما مذهبنا فى هذا فهو مذهب أهل السنة وهو مذهب السلف فالْخَلْقُ صفةٌ من
(١) قال ابن أبى العز الحنفى شارح الطحاوية: وقد أدخل المتكلمون فى أسماء الله تعالى القديم وليس هو من الأسماء الحسنى فإن القديم فى لغة العرب التى نزل بها القرءان هو المتقدم على غيره فيقال هذا قديم للعتيق وهذا حديث للجديد ولم يستعملوا هذا الإسم إلا فى المتقدم على غيره لا فيما لم يسبقه عدم .. لكن أسماء الله تعالى هى الأسماء الحسنى كلها فلا يكون من الأسماء الحسنى وجاء الشرع باسمه الأول وهو أحسن من القديم لأنه يشعر بأن ما بعده آيل إليه وتابع له بخلاف القديم والله تعالى له الأسماء الحسنى. اهـ من شرح الطحاوية ص (٥٥)

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