al-Ayn Haqq - Muhammad ibn Abd al-Mu'ti - (23)

on the person who is envied; were that not so, we would not have been encouraged to seek refuge from it.

Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī said: “It is well known that an envious person is one whose desire becomes intense for another person’s blessing to be removed and transferred to him. A person in such a state would, if able to accomplish this through stratagems, almost certainly do so. For this reason, Allah commanded that refuge be sought from him. This surah encompasses every evil against which one seeks protection in matters of religion and worldly life. Therefore, when this surah was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) rejoiced at its revelation, because together with the surah following it—meaning Sūrat al-Nās—it comprehensively provides for seeking refuge in every matter.” (1)

(1) *Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr*, 32:195. Whenever I quote al-Rāzī, I make clear that I quote only those statements of his that accord with the truth. Otherwise, the man was a *mutakallim* (speculative theologian), a Mu'tazilī and an Ash'arī, who gave reason precedence over revelation. Indeed, it was he who systematized this wicked doctrine for them, and he interpreted the divine attributes figuratively. We ask Allah for well-being. Before his death, he recanted this, or part of it, but the harm remains in his books. I have examined his case and that of others like him in my book *Ahkām Ahl al-Bid'a* (Rulings Concerning the People of Religious Innovation). May Allah facilitate its publication.

فى المحسود ولولا ذلك لما ندبنا إلى الإستعاذة منها. قال الفخر الرازى: من المعلوم أن الحاسد هو الذي تشتدّ محبته لإزالة نعمة الغير إليه، ولا يكاد يكون كذلك إلا ولو تمكن من ذلك بالحيل لفعل، فلذلك أمر الله بالتّعوّذ منه، وقد دخل في هذه السورة كل شر يتوقّى كمه ديناً ودنيا، فلذلك لما نزلت هذه السورة فرح رسول الله ﷺ بنزولها، لكونها مع ما يليها - يعني سورة الناس - جامعة فى التعوّذ لكل أمر. (١)

(١) التفسير الكبير (٣٢/ ١٩٥). وأنا حينما أنقل عن الرازى أنبه على أنى ما أنقل عنه إلا ما وافق الصواب فيه وإلا فقد كان الرجل متكلما معتزليا أشعريا يقدم العقل على النقل بل هو الذى حرر لهم هذا المذهب الخبيث وكان يؤول الصفات نسأل الله العافية وقد رجع قبل موته عن هذا أو بعضه لكن البلية من كتبه. وقد درست حاله وأمثاله فى كتابى أحكام أهل البدعة يسر الله إخراجه.