an accident without a substrate is like its knowledge of the impossibility of something self-subsisting that is not separate from other things, or that is not a body. Just as the first combines contradictories in sense perception, imagination, and reason, so too does the second.

They then said: “If it is asked, ‘Is it within divine power to bring into existence something outside these two categories?’ we reply: The Lord, glorified and exalted is He, is described as having power only over what is possible. Whatever can be encompassed and precisely described, whether through sense perception or judgment, falls into two categories according to this classification.

“The first is an existent that is a body occupying space. If it were to come into contact with another like itself, it would do so through adjacency, not through interpenetration and occupation of the same place. Rather, each would stand apart from the other, occupy a distinct direction, and lie on one of the other’s sides. Anyone looking at them would perceive two adjacent things, each occupying a portion of space. Something so described may be called self-subsisting because it has no need of a substrate in which to subsist as an attribute. Its occupying space means that it fills a spatial location: if it exists in an empty space, that space ceases to be empty. Something so described is called