and proofs, as we have discussed in several places. To Allah Most High belongs the highest description. He must therefore not be compared with another through analogical reasoning that treats the original case and the case compared with it as equal, nor be grouped with others in a categorical syllogism whose individual instances share the same judgment. For Allah, glorified be He, is neither like anything else nor in any way equal to it. Rather, such reasoning amounts to drawing likenesses for Allah; it constitutes associating partners with Him, putting others on a par with Him, setting up a rival to Him, and making another His equal and counterpart.

Yet despite their frequent disavowals and condemnations of likening Allah to others, through such reasoning they engage in the very reality of drawing likenesses and comparisons, putting others on a par with Allah, and making another His equal, rival, and counterpart