So he turned away from that and asserted the existence of a being that cannot be perceived by the senses, namely the spirit. This is the view held by the Peripatetic philosophers concerning it. His argument is of the same kind as that of Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Rāzī, who asserted the possibility of a being that cannot be perceived by the senses and is neither within the world nor outside it. He supported this by citing the position of these philosophers and those who agree with them concerning intellects and souls. He also adopts their position concerning rational souls, as well as that of the Muslim theologians who agree with them. Thus Jahm was the first of these