have the power to harm Me and thus harm Me, nor will you have the power to benefit Me and thus benefit Me.”

Or do you mean that He, glorified and exalted is He, does not love His action, take pleasure in it, or rejoice in it? If this is what you mean, it cannot be conceded to you, for the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the early generations of the Muslim community establish that He is described as loving, being pleased, and rejoicing. Or do you mean that nothing arises in Him in these matters that was not there before? This is the first point, which has already been discussed.

Then al-Rāzī said: “As for establishing this point concerning the attributes, there are several ways to do so. First: We cannot conceive of a being that knows infinitely many things in detail, all at once.